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CLINICAL CHEM > TOTAL PROTEINS > Flashcards

TOTAL PROTEINS Flashcards

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1
Q

specimen of choice for TP

A

serum

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2
Q

Reference value for ambulatory adults (able to walk)

A

6.5 - 8.3 g/dL

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3
Q

Reference value for recumbent positions

A

6.0 - 7.8 g/dL

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4
Q

Detects the nitrogen present in the ammonia

A

Kjeldahl Method

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5
Q

classic method for quantification of protein

A

Kjeldahl method

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6
Q

It uses serum treated with tungstic acid, forming PFF (protein free filtrate)

A

Kjeldahl method

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7
Q

in Kjeldahl method, nitrogen is converted to NH3(ammonia) using__

A

sulfuric acid

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8
Q

1g of Nitrogen is = __g of Protein

A

6.54g

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9
Q

reference method of Kjeldahl method

A

15.1-16.8 %

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10
Q

The Nitrogen in ammonia may be measured using:

A
  • Nesslerization
  • Berthelot method
  • Titration method
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11
Q

Most widely used method for determination of total protein.

A

Biuret method

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12
Q

Only method recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Expert Panel for
determination of total protein.

A

Biuret method

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13
Q

positive result of biuret method

A

purple color

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14
Q

in Biuret method, what bond does copper bind to?

A

peptide bond

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15
Q

It requires at least 2 peptide bonds and an alkaline medium to measure total protein

A

Biuret method

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16
Q

Highest analytical sensitivity

A

Folin-Ciocalteu/Lowry method

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17
Q

Oxidation of phenolic compounds such as tyrosine and tryptophan reduce PT-PMA reagent to give a blue color

A

Folin-Ciocalteu / Lowry method

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18
Q

main reagent of Folin-Ciocalteu method

A

Phosphotungstic-molybdic acid or phenol reagent

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19
Q

color enhancer of folin-ciocalteu method

A

Biuret reagent

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20
Q

Detects proteins in low concentration (10-60 u/mL)

A

Folin-Ciocalteu method

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21
Q

the absorbance of proteins at 210 nm at a pH of 8 is due to the absorbance of the peptide
bonds at specific wavelength

A

Absorption of UV Light at 280 nm

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22
Q

Absorption at 280 nm is d/t

A
  • phenylalanine
  • tyrosine
  • tryptophan
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23
Q

It has been used for CSF or cerebrospinal fluid proteins

A

Absorption of UV light at 280 nm

24
Q

e.g. od dye used to stain protein bands after electrophoresis

A

Coomassie Brilliant blue

25
Q

Simple and fast and also linear up to 150 mg/dL

A

Dye-Binding methods

26
Q

most common dye used for albumin

A

Bromcresol Green

27
Q

what is pH is albumin, which is cationic and binds with an anionic dye

A

4.2

28
Q

This method is affected by the presence of penicillin which leads to a false decreased level of albumin

A

Bromcresol Green method

29
Q

most specific dye for electrophoresis

A

Bromcresol purple

30
Q

Dyes used for the measurement of Albumin

A
  • Bromcresol purple
  • Methyl orange
  • HABA (2,4 - dihydroxyazobenzenebenzoic acid)
  • PSP (phenylsulfonapthalein)
31
Q

The measurement depends on the formation of a uniform fine precipitates which scatters incident
light in suspension which is __________ or it blocks light which is _________

A

nephelometry; turbidimetry

32
Q

precipitating agents

A
  • SSA with sodium sulfate
  • Trichloroacteic acid
33
Q

often used for measuring urine and CSF protein

A

Turbidimetric methods

34
Q

protein donates protons = (-) negative charge

A

Alkaline pH

35
Q

where does an alkaline pH migrate to?

A

Anode

36
Q

protein receives protons = (+) positive charge

A

Acidic pH

37
Q

where does an acidic pH migrate to?

A

Cathode

38
Q

what confirms multiple myeloma

A

gamma spike

39
Q

gamma spike confirms:

A

multiple myeloma

40
Q

The movement of buffer ions and solvent relative to the fixed support

A

Electroendosmosis

41
Q

Causes gamma globulins to migrate toward the cathode even though they are slightly negatively charged

A

Electroendosmosis

42
Q

At pH 8.6, in order of migration, the 5 major bands are:

A
  • albumin
  • a 1- globulin
  • a 2- globulin
  • beta globulin
  • gamma globulin
43
Q

Abnormal amount of amino acids present in the protein. Excretion of 1 or 2 amino acids in urine may be due to a block in the major metabolic pathway.

A

Aminoaciduria

44
Q

due to IgA in serum

A

Beta-gamma bridging effect

45
Q

Monoclonal gammopathy (multiple myeloma)

A

Monoclonal band (gamma-globulin)

46
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

Polyclonal band

47
Q

Increase in a-2-macroglobulin

A

nephrotic syndrome

48
Q

deficiency in alpha-1-antitrypsin; Juvenile cirrhosis

A

Alpha-1-globulin flat curve:

49
Q

plasma level above renal threshold as a result of metabolic disorder. Results from a disruption of a normal metabolic pathway that
causes increased plasma concentration of nonmetabolized substances.

A

Overflow

50
Q

Most well-known of amino
acidurias which may lead to severe mental retardation.

A

PKU - phenyketonuria

51
Q

PKU is an enzyme deficiency which leads to:

A
  • increased phenylalanine in the blood
  • increased phenyl compounds in the urine
52
Q

Caused by a failure to inherit gene for oxidative decarboxylation.

A

MSUD (maple syrup urine disease)

53
Q

increased cystine, lysine, ornithine,
arginine in urine. Most commonly seen in patients with kidney stones

A

Cystinuria

54
Q

normal plasma level but decreased renal threshold or reabsorption

A

urine

55
Q
A

CLINICAL CHEM (7 decks)

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