Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CLINICAL CHEM > QUALITY CONTROL TECHNIQUES > Flashcards

QUALITY CONTROL TECHNIQUES Flashcards

1
Q

graphical representations that display the control observation as a function or time

A

Quality control charts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Control results are plotted on the Y-axis (ordinate)

vs time on the X-axis (abscissa)

A

Shewart Levey - Jennings chart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

• Most widely used QC chart in the clinical

laboratory

• It easily identifies random and systematic errors

A

Shewart Levey - Jennings Chart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • All control values are within +/- 2 SD

• One outlier in 20 determinations

• No Trend / No Shift

A

In - Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Presence of two or more outliers

• Presence of a Trend

• Presence of a Shift

A

Out - of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uses a series of control rules for interpreting data

A

WESTGARD MULTIRULE CHART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Establish a criterion for judging whether an analytic

process is out of control. It recognizes that the use

of simple upper or lower quality control limit is not

enough to identify analytical problems

A

WESTGARD MULTIRULE CHART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • False rejection is kept low

• Error detection is improved

A

WESTGARD MULTIRULE CHART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

One control observation exceeds +/- 2SD

A

12s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

12s indication

A

Warning, result is still acceptable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 consecutive values exceed +/- SD

A

22s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

22s error

A

Systematic error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

one value exceeds +/- 3SD

A

13s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

13s error

A

random errror

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

One value exceeds +2SD and other value exceeds -2SD

A

R4s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

R4s error

A

random error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4 consecutive values exceed +/- 1SD

A

41s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

41s error

A

Systematic error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

10 consecutive values fall on one side of the mean

A

10x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

10 x error

A

Systematic error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • Goes beyond monitoring, detecting, and preventing errors.

• Achieves new levels of performance through quality control, and addresses chronic problems.

A

Quality improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hands-on process with the single mantra of
“improvement” – this is a performance to improve the program in which the goal is to improve the
process by eliminating variations of errors.

A

Six sigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Improved in six sigma

A
  • performance
  • quality
  • bottom line
  • customer satisfaction
  • employee satisfaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It measures the degree of variability or error in products or services through statistics and quantitative parameters

A

Six sigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
A tool that can be used to reduce laboratory errors, increase productivity and improve quality in the clinical laboratory
six sigma
26
main goal of sigma
to reduce the number of defects to near zero
27
What is measured in six sigma
Defects per million opportunities
28
Anything that does not meet customer requirements
Defect
29
Goal of six sigma
3.4 DPMO or 99.9997% yield
30
It calculates the difference between quality control results and target means
Cumulative chart
31
common methods of cusum
v-mask
32
It identifies consistent bias problems; it requires computer implementation
CUSUM chart
33
This plot will give the earliest indication of systemic errors (trend) and can be used with the 13s rule
CUSUM chart
34
found in clinical laboratories with microcomputer quality control programs found in clinical laboratories with microcomputer quality control programs
Decision limit CUSUM
35
Very sensitive to systematic errors but does not provide very good detection of random errors
Cumulative Sum chart
36
The results are out of control when the slope exceeds
45 degrees Celsius or a decision (+/- 2.7 SD) is exceeded
37
very sensitive to small persistent error that commonly occur in the modern low calibration frequency analyzer
CUSUM graph
38
this is a consistent, repeatable error with faulty equipment or flawed experiment design
Systematic error
39
caused by unknown and unpredictable changes in the experiment
Random error
40
Also known as scatter diagram
Youden plot/ twin plot
41
It is used to compare results obtained on a high and low control serum from different laboratorie
Youden plot or twin plot
42
Information about the nature of the systematic error can be obtained when two different control materials have been analyze
Youden plot/ twin plot
43
*Presents information in an efficient, graphical format • Structured prepared form for collecting and analyzing data
Check sheet
44
• Accomplished with a simple listing of items • The data can either be quantitative or qualitative in nature • Its use may be enhanced by incorporating a depiction of the system under analysis into the Form
Check sheet
45
*Analyzes the frequency of problems or causes in the process • Used to identify factors that have the greatest cumulative effect on the system
Pareto chart
46
*Allows the user to focus attention on a few important factors in a process • Cumulative frequencies of the relative frequency data are plotted in descending order
Pareto chart
47
In pareto chart, Cumulative frequencies of the relative frequency data are plotted in What order?
Descending
48
Pareto chart is named after
Vilfredo Pareto
49
This is a type of chart that contains both bars and line (cumulative total)
Pareto chart
50
Cause and effect diagram is also known as
Ishikawa or fishbone diagram
51
A visual tool used to logically organize possible causes for a specific problem or effect by graphically displaying them in an increasing detail suggesting causal relationships among theories
Cause and effect diagram
52
Used to associate multiple possible causes with a single effect
Cause and effect diagram
53
represents the effect (quality characteristic that is intended to be improved and controlled)
Primary branch
54
corresponds to major causes that directly relates to the effect
Major branches
55
more detailed causal factors
Minor branches
56
*Pictorial representation of a process • Used in identifying where errors are likely to be found in the system
Flow chart
57
*Provides a simple, graphical view of accumulated data, including its dispersion and central tendency • Ease of construction • Provides the easiest way to evaluate the distribution of data
Histogram
58
This is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights. It is similar to a bar chart but groups of numbers in this are groups of numbers that are in ranges
Histogram
59
Most commonly used graph to show frequency distributions
Histogram
60
A control value that goes beyond +/- 2SD
Outlier
61
Causes of an outlier
-contamination of a single specimen -faulty pipette -incorrect dilution of test

CLINICAL CHEM (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions