PHLEBOTOMY Flashcards
AGREVIEW KA PANGAASIM
collection of minute sample of blood through capillary puncture
microsampling
depth of puncture for infants up to 1 year of age
2.4 mm
puncture site for infants up to 1 year of age
- plantar surface of the big toe
- median or lateral side of the heel
depth of puncture for adults
3.1 mm
puncture site for adults
- Middle or ring finger
- Puncture must be slightly off-center, perpendicular to the fingerprint
- Margin of the earlobe
collection of a greater volume of blood from the veins or arteries
macrosampling
Collection of arterial blood for blood gas analysis or blood pH determination
arterial puncture
common sites for arterial puncture
- radial artery
- brachial artery
- femoral artery
- Collection of venous blood
- Most frequent site: Antecubital vein of the forearm
venipuncture
venipuncture site for infants up to 18 months
- external jugular vein
- superior longitudinal sinus
- temporal vein
venipuncture sites for 18 months to 3 years
- popliteal vein
- femoral vein
- long saphenous vein
- ankle vein
venipuncture sites for 3 years to adulthood
- veins on the antecubital fossa
- wrist vein
- veins on the dorsal of hands and feet
methods of performing venipuncture
- open system
- closed system
– use of syringes
- The hub of the needle is color-coded, corresponding to its gauge
open system
The lower the gauge, the bigger the bore of the needle
open system
use of an evacuated system (evacuated tube, two-way needle and adapter)
- Evacuated tubes are equipped with a hemogard (color-coded in accordance to the additive
present)
- Multiple sampling can be carried out
closed system
liquid portion of clotted blood
serum
liquid portion of anti-coagulated blood
plasma
: preparation involves the removal of proteins from any biological
specimen to prevent direct colorimetric interference by the formation of zwitterions at isoelectric pH where
proteins exhibit maximum precipitation and minimum solubility
protein - free filtrate
: preparation involves the removal of proteins from any biological
specimen to prevent direct colorimetric interference by the formation of ____________ at isoelectric pH where
proteins exhibit maximum precipitation and minimum solubility
zwitterions
: preparation involves the removal of proteins from any biological
specimen to prevent direct colorimetric interference by the formation of zwitterions at ____________ where
proteins exhibit maximum precipitation and minimum solubility
isoelectric point
methods of PFF preparation
a. physical method
b. chemical method
what are the physical methods of PFF preparation?
- heat
- ultracentrifuge
acid method in the ppf preparation
- Folin - Wu
- Hayden’s method
- Van Slyke
- TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle)
base method in the PFF method
- Nelson-Somogyi
contamination of specimen
❖ residual detergent in tubes
❖ Plasticizers in IV tubing and tube stoppers
❖ Cork stoppers & glass tubes
❖ Lead analysis: use lead-free, acid-washed containers
rate of glycolysis at ref temp
2mg/dL
rate of glycolysis at room temp
7mg/dL
what specimens can be centrifuged?
lipemic
NPO meaning
nothing by mouth
how many hours of fasting is needed for glucose determination
6-8 hours
how many hours of fasting is needed for
10 - 12 hours
what test should be done to determine wether the ulnar artery can provide collateral circulation to the hand after the radial artery puncture
modified Allen test
