TOSCANA Flashcards
RINASCIMENTO
Renaissance, cultural movement between 14th-16th centuries
TOSCANA DERIVED FROM?
“Etruria”, word used by Romans to indicate land inhabited by Etruscans. Over time, Etruria became “Tuscia”, then Toscana.
3 ANCIENT WINE FAMILIES OF TOSCANA
- RICASOLI
- FRESCOBALDI
- ANTINORI
BIRTHPLACE OF MODERN ITALIAN?
TOSCANA
WHAT RICH BANKING FAMILY RULED IN THE 15TH CENTURY?
MEDICI (TRANSFORMED REPUBLIC INTO A SIGNORIA(lordship)
THE BANDO:
WHAT IS IT
WHAT APPS
WHO ISSUED IT
- HISTORICAL EDICT DELIMITING GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES OF 4 WINEGROWING ZONES AND PROTECTING USE OF THEIR NAMES FOR WINES PRODUCED ELSEWHERE
- CHIANTI, POMINO, CARMIGNANO, VAL D’ARNO DI SOPRA
- COSIMO III DE’ MEDICI (GRAND DUKE OF TOSCANA)
COLTURA PROMISCUA
MIXED CROP CULTIVATION
GIACOMO TACHIS WAS THE FOUNDER OF?
WHAT WINES?
FOUNDER OF ITALIAN WINE RENAISSANCE
SASSICAIA, TIGNANELLO, SOLAIA
GIULIO GAMBELLI KNOWN FOR? NICKNAME? WHAT WINES
FATHER OF SANGIOVESE BASED WINES
IL MAESTRO ASAGGIATORE (MASTER TASTER)
LE PERGOLE TORTE, CASE BASSE, POGGIO DI SOTTO’S BRUNELLO
WHAT IS LARGEST CENTRAL REGION?
TOSCANA
Tuscany RATIO OF HILLS/MOUNTAINS?
67%/25%
WHAT IS MAREMMA?
NAMES OF 3 AREAS?
COASTAL AREA BETWEEN TOSCANA AND LAZIO
- ALTA MAREMMA
- MAREMMA GROSSETANA (OFTEN JUST “MAREMMA”)
- MAREMMA LAZIALE
LONGEST/LARGEST RIVER IN TOSCANA?
ARNO-FLOWS WEST INTO LIGURIAN
OTHER 2 MAIN RIVERS of Tuscany
- OMBRONE
2. ORCIA
HOW DOES CORSICA MODERATE TOSCANA’S CLIMATE?
BLOCKS HUMID AIR CURRENTS MAKING CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN TOSCANA DRY.
GALESTRO?
FOUND?
METAMORPHIC ROCK- CLAY/SCHIST
CRUMBLEY/FLAKEY
CHIANTI CLASSICO, RUFINA, MONTALCINO
ALBERESE?
FOUND?
FINE CALCAREOUS MARL
CHIANTI CLASSICO
% RED GRAPES PLANTED TOSCANA
% SANGIOVESE
80%
60%
SANGIOVESE CROSS?
CILEGIOLO X CALABRESE MONTENUOVO
SANGIOVESE SYNONYMS/ORIGIN
- BRUNELLO (MONTALCINO)
- PRUGNOLO GENTILE (MONTEPULCIANO)
- MORELLINO (SCANSANO)
- SANGIOVESE GROSSO (ALL OVER TOSCANA)
- SANGIOVETO (CHINATI CLASSICO)
WHAT WAS ORIGINAL PRINCIPAL RED OF TOSCANA?
HOW DOES IT AFFECT A SANGIO BLEND?
CANAIOLO
SOFTENS, REFINES PERFUME AND MOUTHFEEL
CILEGIOLO MEANING?
SMALL CHERRY
ALEATICO
RED RELATED TO. MOSCATO BIANCO
GROWN ON ELBA
ALICANTE
CANNONAU
MALVASIA OF TOSCANA
MALVASIA BIANCA LUNGA
VERNACCIA MEANING?
Refers to grape or group?
LATIN “VERNACULUS” WHICH MEANS INDIGENOUS.
Unrelated group of varietals
2ND MOST PLANTED GRAPE IN TOSCANA?
MERLOT!
INTERNATIONAL RED GRAPES = WHAT % OF PLANTINGS IN TOSCANA?
20%
ARCHETTO?
VARIATION OF GUYOT
WHO HELPED DEVELOP HIGH QUALITY CLONES IN TOSCANA
CONSORZIO OF CHIANTI CLASSICO
PODERE?
FARM
POGGIO?
KNOLL/HILL
CASTELLO?
CASTLE
FATTORIA?
FARM
VIN SANTO OCCHIO DI PERNICE?
MEANING?
VIN SANTO USUALLY FROM SANGIO
“PARTRIDGE EYE”
VINSANTAIA?
NON TEMP CONTROLLED STORAGE ROOMS/LOFTS WHERE CARATELLI ARE SUBJECT TO SEASONAL TEMP FLUCTUATIONS
CARATELLI/CARATELLO
USUALLY 50L
OLD CHESTUNUT/OAK/ACACIA/JUNIPER OR CHERRY
MADRE
THICK DEPOSIT OF WINE SOAKED LEES LEFT IN THE BOTTOM OF CARATELLO AND RACKED.
NEWLY PRESSED JUICE GOES ON TOP SO THE MADRE GETS OLDER AND MORE COMPLEX (KIND OF LIKE SOLERA)
VIN SANTO MIN AGING
2-3 YRS BUT IN PRACTICE IS LONGER
CANTUCCI
(BISCOTTI) CLASSIC PAIRING WITH VIN SANTO
CAN VIN SANTO BE DRY?
YES
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF WINE IN TOSCANA IS RED?
90%
TOSCANA PERCENTAGE OF DOC/G?
65%
TOSCANA PERCENTAGE OF IGT?
30%
QUANTITY OF TOSCANA DOCG?
DOC?
DOCG=11
DOC=41
WHAT AREA OF MAREMMA IS BOLGHERI IN?
ALTA MAREMMA
WHAT TERRAIN IS MOST OF BOLGHERI PLANTED ON?
FLATS
WHAT WINE MADE BOLGHERI FAMOUS? WHEN?
SASSICAIA
1970’S
SASSICAIA REFERS TO?
STONE/GRAEL SOIL
WHO MAKES SASSICAIA?
WHAT IS THE ESTATE’S NAME
MARCHESE INCISA DELLA ROCCHETTA
TENUTA SAN GUIDO
1ST COMMERCIAL VINTAGE OF SASSICAIA?
1968
WHEN DID BOLGHERI BECOME A DOC?
1994
WHEN DID BOLGHERI SASSICAIA DOC BECOME A SUBZONE
2013
SASSICAIA VARIETALS?
AGING?
MIN 80% CS
24/18 SMALL OAK BARRELS
WHAT PERCENTAGE HAS EVERY SASSICAIA BEEN?
85% CS
15% CF
WHAT TYPE OF WINE WAS BOLGHERI DOC CREATED FOR?
WHEN DID THEY MODIFY TO ALLOW FOR RED WINE?
WHITE AND ROSE
1994
FAMOUS ESTATES OF BOLGHERI DOC?
- GRATTAMACCO
- TENUTA DELL’ ORNELLAIA
- LE MACCHIOLE
- MICHELE SATTA
- CA’MARCANDA
- GUADO AL TASSO
WHILE SASSICAIA WAS THE PROTOTYPE SUPER TUSCAN WHERE WAS THE EPICENTER?
WHAT FAMOUS SUPER TUSCANS ARE FROM THERE?
CHIANTI CLASSICO
- TIGNANELLO (ANTINORI)
- VIGORELLO (TENUTA SAN FELICE)
WHAT ARE THE 2 CATEGORIES OF RED IN BOLGHERI DOC?
- BOLGHERI ROSSO DOC
- BOLGHERI ROSSO SUPERIORE DOC
MIN 24/12 OAK
VAL DI CORNIA ROSSO DOCG?
ROSSO= SANGIO + CS &OR MERLOT
RISERVA-24/18
SUVERETO DOCG?
WHERE DOC WAS IT FORMERLY A SUB OF?
4 TYPES OF WINE.
- SUVERETO DOCG= CS/MERLOT
- SANGIO
- CS
- MERLOT
RISERVA =24/18
FORMERLY A SUB OF VAL DI CORNIA DOC
MONTECUCCO DOC & MONTECUCCO SANGIOVESE DOCG?
MGA’S
WHAT RIVER SEPARATES FROM MONTALCINO?
WHITE= TREB RED= SANGO
DOCG= 90% SANGIO +12 OAK
RISERVA 24 OAK
25 MGA
ORCIA RIVER
MORELLINO DI SCANSANO DOCG?
WHAT IS IT KNOWN FOR?
85% SANGIO
15% ALICANTE, CILEGIOLO, MERLOT
RISERVA= 24/12
MOST WELL KNOWN WINE OF SOUTHERN MAREMMA
WHERE IS ANSONICA MOST FAMOUSLY GROWN
ISLAND OF GIGLIO MGA (ISOLA DEL GIGLIO
MAREMMA TOSCANA DOC?
SANGIO ROSSO
TREB AND OR VERM BIANCO
WIDE RANGE OF STYLE
ITALY’S 3RD LARGEST ISLAND?
SETTLED BY WHOM FOR WHAT?
ELBA
ETRUSCANS/IRON
INSULA VINI FERAX
PLINY THE ELDER ABOUT ELBA= ISLAND FERTILE OF WINE
ELBA ALEATICO PASSITO DOCG?
SWEET REDS 100% ALEATICO
ELBA BIANCO?
WHITE BLEND OF PROCANICO (TREBBIANO)
CARMIGNANO DOCG?
MIN 50% SANGIO (IN PRACTICE 70-90%
10-20% CS/CF
8 MONTHS OAK/CHESTNUT
RISERVA 36/12 WOOD
BARCO REALE DI CARMIGNANO DOC?
“SECOND” WINE OF CARMIGNANO.
SAME VARIETAL COMP AS CARMIGNANO BUT NO AGING REQUIREMENTS.
DECLASSIFY DOC
VIN RUSPO WINE STYLE?
SIGNIFICANCE/MEANING?
ROSATO (SALASSO AKA SAIGNEE)
RUSPARE= TO DRAW OFF
IN THE DAYS OF MEZZADRIA, COMMON FOR FARMERS TO DRAW OFF FRESH MUST BEFORE DELIVERING BALANCE TO THE LANDOWNER
VIN SANTO DI CARMIGNANO DOCG
TREB & MALVASIA
CHIANTI STORICO
TODAY=CHIANTI CLASSICO
WHAT 2 CITY STATES FOUGHT OVER CHIANTI?
FIRENZE (FLORENCE) AND SIENA
WHEN WERE GEOGRAPHIC/POLITICAL BOUNDARIES OF CHIANTI FIRST SET?
HOW?
FIRENZE ESTABLISHED LEAGUE OF CHIANTI IN 1384. DIVIDED INTO 3 SUB TERRITORIES
- CASTELLINA
- GAIOLE
- RADDA
GALLO NERO
SIENA= WHITE ROOSTER FIRENZE= BLACK
FIRENZE STARVED AND KEPTI IN THE DARK TO CROW EARLIER. ALLOWED FIRENZE TO CONTROL MAJORITY OF TERRITORY.
BARON BETTINO RICASOLI
CREDITED WITH NEW FORMULA FOR CHIANTI BLEND
70 SANGIO
15 CANAIOLO
15 MALVASIA
WHAT VARIETAL REPLACED MALVASIA IN CHIANTI BLEND, DILUTING AND CHANGING ITS CHARACTER?
TREBBIANO
VINO ALL’USO DI CHIANTI
HOW DID IT COME ABOUT
WINE IN THE STYLE OF CHIANTI
DEMAND FOR CHIANTI EXCEEDED SUPPLY DUE TO PHYLLOXERA IN FRANCE.
CONSORZIO DEL GALLO NERO AND CHIANTI TIMELINE
1924 FORMED
1927 FORMALIZED CHIANTI BOUNDARIES
1932 ITALIAN GOV DEFINES CHIANTI BOUNDERIES TO LARGER AREA
1967 CHIANTI DOC
1984 CHIANTI DOCG
1996 CHIANTI CLASSICO DOCG (ALLOWING 100% SANGIO FOR 1ST TIME)
WHEN WERE WHITES BANNED FROM CHIANTI CLASSICO?
2006
MACIGNO
ALBARESE (IN CHIANTI) (SANDSTONE)
CHIANTI CLASSICO DOCG
80% SANGIO (IN PRACTICE 90-100)
3 CATEGORIES OF CHIANTI CLASSICO
- ANNATA
- RISERVA- 24 MONTHS AGING
- GRAN SELEZIONE (2013)
OFTEN SINGLE VINEYARD
30 MONTHS AGING
VIN SANTO DEL CHIANTI CLASSICO DOC
60% TREB/MALVASIA
MIN 24 MONTHS CARATELLI
CHIANTI DOCG
70% SANGIO (EXCEPT COLLI SENESI SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT)
WHITE CAN’T EXCEED 10%
CHIANTI DOCG SUB ZONES?
- RUFINA- SMALLEST BUT MOST PRESIGIOUS (NE)
- COLLI FIORENTINI-N CENTRAL
- COLLI ARETINI-E CENTRAL
- COLLINE PISANE- FURTHEST WEST/MOST COASTAL
- MONTALBANO- NW
- MONTESPERTOLI- MOST RECENT 1997, CENTRAL
- COLLI SENESI- S MOST- ONLY WITH DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS (75 SANGIO, NO WHITES AS OF 2016)
VIN SANTO DEL CHIANTI DOC
CAN USE CHIANTI DOCG SUB ZONE DESIGNATIONS
POMINO DOC
COOLER
BIANCO- CH BASED
SV CHARD
SV SB
FIRST ITALIAN WINE TO RECEIVE DOC STATUS?
VERNACCIA DI SAN GIMIGNANO
VERNACCIA DI SAN GIMIGNANO DOCG
85 VERNACCIA
RISERVA = 11 MONTHS AGE
NOW FRESH BUT ORIGINALLY ORANGE
WHAT IS EASTERNMOST DOC OF TOSCANA
CORTONA DOC
CORTONA DOC?
1999
KNOWN FOR SYRAH BLENDS AND SV SYRAH!
VAL D’ARNO DI SOPRA DOC
PART OF MEDICI’S EDICT
1ST PROMINENT WINES OF MONTALCINO?
SWEET MOSCADELLO
WHO FIRST GREW BRUNELLO?
WHAT WAS HIS ESTATE NAMED?
HOW DID HE FARM?
CLEMENTE SANTI
FATTORIA DEL GREPPO
MONOCULTURE
VINO ROSSO SCELTO (BRUNELLO)
1865 VINTAGE (SANTI) FIRST DOCUMENTATION OF BRUNELLO
SANTI’S GRANDSON?
NAME OF NEW WINERY?
WINEMAKING PRACTICES
FERRUCCIO BIONDI
BIONDI-SANTI
DESTEMMING, LARGE SLAVONIAN OAK
BRUNELLO TRANSLATION?
DOC YEAR?
DOCG?
LITTLE DARK ONE
1966
1980
MONTALCINO SOIL?
GALESTRO & ALBARESE
7 UNOFFICIAL ZONES OF MONTALCINO
- MONTALCINO
- TORRENIERI
- TAVERNELLE
- CAMIGLIANO
- SANT’ANGELO IN COLLE
- CASTELNUOO DELL’ ABATE
- SANT’ ANGELO SCALO
BRUNELLO DI MONTALCINO DOCG
100 SANGIO
LONGEST AGING REQUIREMENTS IN ITALY
MIN 4 YR/ RISERVA 60/24 OAK
ROSSO DI MONTALCINO DOCG
SECOND WINE TO BRUNELLO
WHO REVIVED VIN NOBILE DI MONTEPULCIANO?
WHAT DECADE
ADAMO FANETTI 1930’S
VNDMONTEPULCIANO BECAME DOCG WHAT YEAR
1980
VIN NOBILE DI MONTEPULCIANO DOCG
70 SANGIO
30% ANY OTHER APPROVED GRAPE IN TOSCANA
5% MAX FOR WHITE BUT RARELY USED
ELEGANCE OF CHIANTI/STRUCTURE OF BRUNELLO
ROSSO DI MONTEPULCIANO DOC
SECOND WINE
VIN SANTO DI MONTEPULCIANO DOC
70% MALV/TREBBIANO/GRECHETTO
GOVERNO
SAVING A BATCH FROM HARVEST AND PARTIALLY DRYING THEM. IF ORIGINAL FERMENTATION STARTS TO GET STUCK, THE BATCH IS ADDED TO KICK START FERMENTATION