Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK 2 > TOS > Flashcards

TOS Flashcards

1
Q

what to Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

compression or tension event that compromise the neurovascular structures of the cervicoaxillary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cervicoaxillary canal

A

structure where neurovascluar things pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cervicoaxillary canal boney

A

scapula
clavicle
5 ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cervicoaxillary canal muscle

A

scalenes
pectroalis
minor subclavius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what divides cervicoaxillary canal into upper and lower sections

A

the 1st rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cervicoaxillary canal (Thoracic outlet) contents

A

brachial plexus and branches
sunclvain vein and art + branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

place of compression - interscalene triangle TOS

A

upper section
ant and post scalene and the 1st rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

place of compression - costoclvicular space

A

upper section
superior scapula , 1st rib, clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

place of compression - Thoraco-coraco-pectoral Space
space

A

lower section
pect minor
ribs 2-4
coracoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

places of compression - regions

A

Thoraco-coraco-pectoral Space
interscalene triangle
costoclavicular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

muscle source of compression

A

subclavius
contributes mostly to VTOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the attachment of the subclavius

A

Costal Cartilage of 1st Rib to Clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what subclavian thing is not normally part of the subclavian triangle

A

subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the brachial plexus and the scalenes

A

the brachial plexus normally passes through or pierces the scalenes

pierce the anterior scalene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

places of compression all

A

Thoraco-coraco-pectoral Space
interscalene triangle
costoclavicular space
subclavius
cervical rib - Supernumerary Ribs
clavicle
scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are Supernumerary Ribs

A

also called accessory ribs are an uncommon variant of extra ribs arising most commonly from the cervical or lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

type 1 - Supernumerary Ribs

A

Long Rib from C7 with short fibrous attachment to 1st Rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type II - Supernumerary Ribs

A

Short Rib from C7 with long fibrous attachment to 1st Rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the clavicle do as you bring up your arm

A

it needs to elavate, retract, and spin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens when the clavicle movement is compromised

A

this could compress the tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what could be a cause of clavicle dysfunction

A

AC SC joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

scar tissue and compression

A

Soft Tissue Compression

Enlarged (Scar Tissue) Anterior Scalene, especially after MVA (Demodion et al)

Anomalous Fibrous Bands constricting the tunnel (Roos et al)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

type od TOS

A

vascular and neurologic

24
Q

vascular TOS type

A

arterial and venous

25
Q

arterial TOS rate

A

very rare 1%

26
Q

vascular TOS rate

A

3-5%
seen more in athletes
paget-schroetter syndrome

27
Q

neurologic TOS type

A

true neuro
disputed neuro

28
Q

true neuro TOS

A

confirmed with valid standard diagnostic testing

29
Q

disputed neuro

A

no confirmation from standard tests

30
Q

what is the TOS movement diagram

A

flexion pattern with radiating features

31
Q

Double Crush Syndrome

A

Compression of the axon at one location creates increased susceptibility to effects of compression of the axon at another location (i.e. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome combined with cervical nerve root involvement).

32
Q

Diagnosis of TOS

A

diagnosis of exclusion

33
Q

where do we mostoften see parathesisa with TOS

A

UE 98%
the arm feel heavy dead an tired

34
Q

what is the common dermtonal distrubtion of TOS

A

C8 T1

35
Q

location of TOS

A

UE Paresthesia (98%)
Trapezius Pain (92%)
Neck Pain (88%)
Shoulder/Arm (88%)
Supraclavicular Pain (76%)
Occipital HA (76%)
Chest Pain (72%)
Hand Paresthesia (58%)

36
Q

Arterial compression
Signs & Symptoms

A

Secondary to repetitive activities leading to claudication

Pain, numbness in non-radicular pattern. Associated fatigue with activity that is relieved at rest

Cramping in the hand with use
Skin cool to touch; increased sensitivity to cold; Reynaud’s phenomenon

Pale discoloration

37
Q

test for ATOS

A

Allens

38
Q

Venous Compression
Signs & Symptoms

A

Deep pain in chest, shoulder, & entire upper extremity

Distal limb edema with paresthesia in hand & fingers; skin tightness; fatigue; cyanosis discoloration

Venous distension and heaviness of extremity may be observed after activity – should diminish with rest. If not, then possible venous thrombosis - refer to MD

39
Q

how is VTOS confirmed

A

Confirmed by special laboratory tests (plethysmography, venography, venous ultrasound studies)

40
Q

TOS neuro sym

A

Often associated with previous trauma (MVA or Repetitive stress at work)

Symptoms include: Pain, paresthesia, numbness, and/or weakness.

Cold intolerance (Reynaud phenomenon) due to Sympathetic over activity, not ischemia. Decreased finger dexterity possible.

41
Q

upper plexus NTOS

A

Upper Plexus Irritation (C5,6,7) – Occipital headache. Pain and paresthesia in anterior chest, periscapular area, radial aspect of arm to dorsum of hand and index finger. Provoked by head movements or lifting.

42
Q

lower plexus irrtation NTOS

A

Lower Plexus Irritation (C8,T1) – Pain & paresthesia in suprascapular area, posterior neck, medial side of arm & forearm and ulnar digits of the hand. Provoked by activities that depress the shoulders (lifting, carrying a brief case)

43
Q

true neuro tests

A
  • Based on symptoms above & at least 2 (+) provocation tests. EAST test almost always (+).
  • Confirmed with (+) neurophysiological testing (EMG, NCV)
44
Q

Disputed neuro tests

A
  • Based on symptoms above & at least 2 (+) provocation tests. Cyriax Release test often (+).
  • No confirmation with objective testing. Negative
  • Neurophysiological testing; negative vascular tests; negative imaging.
45
Q

what do we see more over true or disputed

A

disputed

  • This is what we see most of the time – movement system problem
46
Q

compressors presentation

A

Symptoms during the day, especially with overhead activities. Increase in tension or compression of the brachial plexus.

Usually no night pain unless sleep with arm overhead

job - normal have arm over the head

Since compression is intermittent, the blood supply returns when arm is lowered & symptoms are relieved

47
Q

what is being compressed with compressors presentation

A

Compression at costoclavicular &/or pectoralis minor spaces

48
Q

what tests are positive for these pt’s -compressor

A

EAST (Roos) Test is (+) with these patients

49
Q

Release Phenomenon
presentation

A

Brachial plexus under constant tension due to poor posture, weight of the arms during the day

In bed, the tension is released; blood flow returns; axonal flow returns; patient feels paresthesia.

50
Q

test for release phenom

A

(+) Cyriax Release Test

51
Q

what does adons test test

A

scalene triangle

52
Q

what is a positive adons

A

reduced pulse or onset of syms

53
Q

costoclvicular - military brace is testing

A

costo-clvicular space

54
Q

Wright’s (Hyperabduction) testing what space

A

Retropectoral space (gate).
behind the pecct minor

55
Q

Upper Limb Tension (ULTT) is testing what

A

– Neural irritability from nerve roots to peripheral nerve.

56
Q

what is the most common type of TOS

A

neuro TOS 95%

MSK 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions