Torts Flashcards
Intentional torts elements
Act - volitional
Intent - intent to bring about to forbidden consequences that are the basis of the tort
Causation - substantial factor
Transferred intet
Different tort against same person
same tort against different person
different tort against different person
only
- assault
- battery
- false imprisonment
- trespass to land
- trespass to chattels
Battery
Harmful or offensive contact
with the plaintiff’s person
damages not required - can get nominal or punitive
Assault
Create reasonable apprehension of an immediate battery
words alone are not enough, but are enough to negate reasonable apprehension
Not damages - nominal or punitive
False imprisonment
Act or omission that confines or restrains P to a bounded area
P must know of confinement or be harmed
no reasonable means of escape known to P
insufficient to restrain - moral pressure or future threats
Damages not required - nominal or punitive
Intentional infliction of emotional distress
Act amounting to extreme and outrageous conduct
P must suffer severe emotional distress
Outrageous conduct - transcends all bounds of decency or
- Continuous
- certain type of D - common carrier or innkeepers
- certain type of P - children, elderly, pregnant, known sensitivity
Intent or recklessness
Bystander IIED
Prima facie of ED or
- present when injury occurred
- distress resulted in bodily harm or P was a close relative
- D knew these facts
Trespass to land
Physical invasion
of P’s real property
no damages needed
Trespass to chattels
Act that interferes with P’s right of possession to chattel
- intermeddling (damaging)
- dispossession
actual damage to possessory right required
Conversion
Act that interferes with P’s right of possession
interference is serious enough in nature or consequences to warrant that the defendant pay the chattel’s full value
only tangibles
Damages or replevin - fmv at time of conversion or possession
Intentional tort defenses
Consent - need capacity
- express - unless mistake and D knew and took advantage of mistake, fraud of an essential matter, duress for immediate harm
- implied - custom and usage or P’s conduct
Privileges - preventing the commission
- Self defense
- defense of others
- defense of property
Necessity - only for property torts
- public
- private
Self defense
Reasonably believes about to be attacked - force reasonably necessary
- No duty to retreat, but may have duty before using deadly force unless in home
- not available to initial aggressor unless other party responds to nondeadly with deadly
- may extent to third-party injuries
Reasonable mistake permissible
Defense of others
Use force to defend another when they reasonably believe the other person could have used force
reasonable mistake allowed
Defense of property
Reasonable force to prevent commission or in hot pursuit
A request to desist or leave must first be made unless clearly futile or dangerous
reasonable mistake allowed unless mistake of whether entrant has a privilege to enter
No deadly force for property alone
Shopkeepers privilege
Detain a suspected shoplifter
- reasonable belief of theft
- detention in reasonable manner and only nondeadly force
- reasonable period of time and only for purposes of making investigation
Reentry onto land
No self help allowed
only ejectment
Public necessity
Acted to avert an imminent public disaster
absolute defense
Private necessity
prevent serious harm to a limited number or people
must pay for actual harm
Elements of negligence
Duty
Breach
Causation
Damages