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SET 3 ( Resto & Comm Dent) 📚🥶 > TOPRANK > Flashcards

TOPRANK Flashcards

1
Q

people w/ condition are compred to people without

A

Case Control / Trohoc studies

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2
Q

feature
occurred before the start of the study
study proceeds backwars from effect to cause
uses a control or comparison group to support or refute an influence

A

Case control study- retrospective

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3
Q

advantages of cae contrl study

A

easy to carry out
rapid & inexpensive
few subj. are required
rare disease can be studied
no risk

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4
Q

disadv. case control study

A

Problem of bias
selection of appropriate control group
incidence cannot bw measured
no distinction between causes & associated fx
not suited to the evaluation of therapy

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5
Q

incidence can be calculated
several possible outcomes can be studied
direct estimate of relative risk is possible
dose
bias can be minimized

A

Cohort study adv.

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6
Q

involves large # of study projects
longer time neede to complete the study
attrition problem among the study population
selection of group is a limitig fx
diagnostic criteria can change over prolonged follow up
extensive record keeping is needed
study is expensive

A

Cohort Study disadvantages

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7
Q

tests new preventive & therapeutic agents

A

Experimental Epidemiology Intervention studies

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8
Q

Types of Experimental Epidemiology

A

Randomized controlled trials
Non-randomized or non-experimental trials

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9
Q

Randomized controlled trials types

A
  1. Clinical trials
  2. Preventive trials
  3. Risk- factor trials
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10
Q

conxerned w/ evaluating therapeutic agents

A

Clinical trials

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11
Q

trials of primary preventive measures

A

Preventive trials

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12
Q

interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease for those individuals who have “risk fx” for developing the disease

A

Risk- factor trial

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13
Q

types of non-randomized trials

A
  1. Uncontrolled trials
  2. Natural experiments
  3. Before & after comparison- most common
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14
Q

to study the natural history of disease & natural outcome
identifyinng risk fx of the disease
finding out incidence rate

Limitations

A

Longitudinal

^Difficult to organize
*****Time consuming

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15
Q

forward looking study
collect information on an exposure of interest & compare eventual outcomes

Adv.

A

Prospective Study

relationship between the exposure & disease of interest

does not rely kn a history to determine past exposure

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16
Q

exposure is determined by past exposure records

A

Retrospective Study

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17
Q

study of group comparison based on epidemiologic principles
designed to test hypothesis that a particular agent procedure fsvorable alter the natural history of the disease

A

Experimental Study Design/ Field Trial / Clinical Trial

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18
Q

material or formulation like the test priduct without the active ingredient used in the control group

A

Placebo

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19
Q

Bias in Case control study

A
  1. Memory /recall
    2.Selectionbias
    3.Interviewer’sbias
    4.Berkesonian bias
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20
Q

occurs when the group actually studied does not reflect the same distribution characteristics

A

Selection Bias

21
Q

if the rate of disease is diff. among those lost to follow-up then internal validity of the study may be affected & relationship between exposure & out come may be changed

A

Follow- Up Bias

22
Q

researcher know
participant - don’t know

A

Single Blind Trial

23
Q

commonly used blinding

A

Double Blind

24
Q

Triple Blind trial

A

Px
Researcher
Statistician

25
Q

📌Tools Used In EPIDEMIOLOGY
C
R
R
P

A

Counts
Rates
Ratio
Proportion

26
Q

graduated scale having upper & lower limits, with scores on the scale corresponding to specific criteria

A

INDEX

27
Q

periodontal index

A

Reversible Index

28
Q

Dental Caries

A

Irreversible index

29
Q

Full mouth indices

A

OHI

30
Q

Simplified indices

A

OHI- S

31
Q

D portion of DMFT index

A

Disease Index

32
Q

measuring gingival / sulcular bleeding

A

Symptom index

33
Q

F portion of DMFT

A

Tx Index

34
Q

plaque index

A

Simple index

35
Q

DMF index (past- present cond.)

A

Cumulative Index

36
Q

IDEAL REQUISITES of an Index
(sovrpaq)

A
  1. simplicity
  2. objectivity
  3. validity
  4. reliability
  5. precision
  6. acceptability
  7. quantifiability
37
Q

detects the condition when present

A

Sensitivity

38
Q

not detect the condition when it is absent

A

Specificity

39
Q

2 components of Validity

A

Sensitivity
Specificity

40
Q

classifies & assesses oral hygiene status

A

John Green & Jack Vermillion (1960)

41
Q

2 Components
OHI

A
  1. Debris Index
  2. Calculus index
42
Q

only fully erupted teeth are scores
16 11 26 36 31 46

A

Green & Vermillion )1964)
OHI-S

43
Q

PHP

A

pX Hygiene Performance
1968
6 index teeth
Poshadley & Haley J.V

44
Q

assesses the thickness of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth

all 4 surfaces are examined

A

Silness & Loe - 1954

45
Q

only facial sirgaces of the anterior teeth were examinded after using basic fuschsin moutnwash as a disclosing agent

A

Quigley & Hein (modified by Turesky, Gilmore & Glickman in 1970)

46
Q

severity of gingivitis & its location
4 areas- M, D, L, F

A

Sillness & Loe

47
Q

Modified Gingival Index

A

Lobene, Weatherford, Ross, Lamm & Menaker
1986

48
Q

number of gingival units affected were counted rather than the severityof inflammation

A

Papillary- Marginal Attachment Index
(Scour & Massler)

49
Q

PUFA

A

Pulp Exposure Fistula Abscess

SET 3 ( Resto & Comm Dent) 📚🥶 (18 decks)

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