Topography of the Brain Flashcards
What does topography relate to?
- the organisation/layout of something
What 2 components make up the CNS?
1 - brain
2 - spinal cord

The 3 main parts of the brain are composed from the primary vesicles that form from neurulation. The 3 primary vesicles are seen in the image below. What are the 3 main parts of the brain that these primary vesicles go on to form (3 major regions of the brain)?
1 - forebrain
2 - midbrain
3 - hindbrain

What are the ventricles of the brain?
- interconnected cavities known as cerebral ventricles in the brain

What fluid is found within and created by the 4 ventricles of the brain?
- cerebrospinal fluid
What produces the majority of cerebrospinal fluid located in the ventricles of the brain?
- choroid plexus composed of ependymal cells
- venous epiphyseal cells
- dural venous sinus
- thymus
- choroid plexus composed of ependymal cells

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
- 31 pairs

What are the 2 functions/parts of the peripheral nervous system?
1 - somatic (voluntary system)
2 - autonomic nervous system
What are the surfaces (labelled A and B) and the views (labelled C and D)?
- medial view (side on view but sagittal cut)
- lateral view (side on)
- superior view (above)
- inferior view (underneath)

- A = superior view (above)
- B = inferior view (underneath)
- C = lateral view (side on)
- D = medial view (side on view but sagital cut)

What are the 3 tracts, essentially organisation of white matter, present in the brain?
- projection, association and commissural tracts
- accessory, association and commissural tracts
- projection, accessory and commissural tracts
- projection, association and accessory tracts
- projection, association and commissural tracts
- commissural (left to right cerebral cortex)
- association (spinal cord to cerebral cortex)
- projection (cerebral cortex to same side of cerebral cortex)
What is grey and white matter in the brain?
- white = myelineated axons (tracts of the brain)
- grey = neuronal cell body (cerebral cortex, brain nuclei)

The forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain are formed from what 3 primary vesicles?
1 - forebrain = Prosencephalon (latin for front)
2 - midbrain = Mesencephalon (middle)
3 - hindbrain = Rhombencephalon (back of)

The prosencephalon (latin for front), also referred to as the forebrain is the most rostrol part of the brain. From this 2 secondary ventricles are formed called the Telencephalon and the Diencephalon. What is the main part of the Telencephalon and the 2 main structures of the Diencephalon?
1 - Telencephalon = cerebral cortex
2 - Diencephalon = thalamus
3 - Diencephalon = hypothalamus

The rhombencephalon, also referred to as the hindbrain is the most caudal part of the brain. From this 2 secondary ventricles are formed called the Metencephalon and the Mesencephalon. What are the 3 part that forms from these?
1 - cerebellum
2 - pons
3 - medulla

What connects the hindbrian and midbrain?
- tectum
- tegmentum

When we are looking at the forebrain, specifically the cerebral hemisphere, what are the fore lobes?
1 - frontal
2 - parietal
3 - temporal
4 - occipital

What are 3 poles of the brain?
1 - frontal (most rostral)
2 - occipital (most caudal)
3 - temporal

What are the 3 surfaces of the brain?
1 - medial
2 - inferior
3 - superolateral

Label the 2 major parts of the Prosencephalon, also called the forebrain?

- 1 = cerebral cortex
- 2 = thalamus

What is the term given to the cerebral cortex when we refer to the secondary vesicles that are formed?
- Telencephalon
Labels the different sulcus (sinking folds of the brain) and the gyrus (raised parts of the brain) using the labels below:
- lateral sulcus (separates temporal and parietal lobes)
- central sulcus (separates frontal and parietal lobes)
- pre-central gyrus (motor)
- postcentral gyrus (sensory)

- 1 = pre-central gyrus (motor)
- 2 = central sulcus (separates frontal and parietal lobes)
- 3 = postcentral gyrus (sensory)
- 4 = lateral sulcus (separates temporal and parietal lobes)

The cerebral cortex (grey matter) is separated by folds called gyrus and sulcus into functional areas, what are these functional areas called?
- broadmans areas

Subcortical (meaning below the cerebral cortex), also referred to as the subcortex, are collections of grey matter called nuclei. The 3 key parts of the diencephalon that make up the subcortical structures?
1 - thalamus
2 - hypothalamus
3 - basal nuclei
What is the main function of each of the 4 lobes?
1 - frontal = motor
2 - parietal = sensory
3 - temporal = auditory
4 - occipital = vision






















































