Topography Flashcards
Pyramids?
Ventral medulla
These are paired structures on either side of the anterior/ventral median fissure
Pyramids
Anterior/ventral median fissure?
Ventral medulla
This divides the ventral medulla in half vertically.
Anterior/ventral median fissure
The anterior/ventral median fissure runs caudally and becomes what?
Pyramidal decussation
Pyramidal decussation?
Ventral medulla
Inferior olive?
Ventral medulla
What structure is found lateral to the medullary pyramids?
Inferior olive
Post-olivary sulcus?
Ventral medulla
Pre-olivary sulcus?
Ventral medulla
What two structures run in the post-olivary sulcus?
CNIX/Glossopharyngeal
CNX/Vagus
What structure runs in the pre-olivary sulcus?
CNXII/Hypoglossal
Which 4 structures run in the medullary-pons junction from medial to lateral?
CNVI/abducens
CNVII motor root
CNVII intermediate n
CNVIII/vestibulocochlear
Basal pons?
Ventral pons
Middle cerebellar peduncles?
Ventral pons
What structure connects the pons to the cerebellum?
Middle cerebellar peduncle
What structure runs through the middle cerebellar peduncle?
CNV/Trigeminal
Cerebral peduncles?
Ventral midbrain
Interpeduncular fossa?
Ventral midbrain
What structure connects the cerebral cortex to Brainstem?
Cerebral peduncles
What structure runs in the interpeduncular fossa?
CNIII/Occulomotor
Mammillary bodies?
Ventral diencephalon
Infundibulum?
Ventral diencephalon
Tuber cinereum?
Ventral diencephalon
Optic chiasm?
Ventral diencephalon
What paired structures are located posterior to the hypothalamus?
Mammillary bodies
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
Infundibulum
This structure is located between the mammillary bodies and Infundibulum and contains the median eminence.
Tuber cinereum
Where do the optic nerves meet?
Optic chiasm
What are the optic tracts?
Optic nerves –> optic chiasm –> optic tracts
Vermis?
Cerebellum
Folia?
Cerebellum
Posterolateral fissure?
Cerebellum
Flocculus?
Cerebellum
Cerebellar tonsil?
Cerebellum
This is the midline structure of the cerebellum?
Vermis
Transverse folds of the cerebellum.
Folia
The Posterolateral fissure separates what?
Flocculus
Posterior lobe
What structure is located between the ventral pons and cerebellum?
Flocculus
This is the most inferior region of the cerebellum and superior to the foramen magnum.
Cerebellar tonsil
Gracile tubercle?
Dorsal medulla/pons
Cuneate tubercle?
Dorsal pons/medulla
Inferior cerebellar peduncle?
Dorsal medulla/pons
4th ventricle?
Dorsal pons/medulla
Striae medullaris?
Dorsal medulla/pons
Obex?
Dorsal medulla/pons
Sulcus limitans?
Dorsal medulla/pons
Hypoglossal trigone?
Dorsal medulla/pons
Vagal trigone?
Dorsal pons/medulla
Facial colliculus?
Dorsal pons/medulla
Vestibular area?
Dorsal pons/medulla
This structure is the most superior region of the dorsal columns and is immediately lateral to the midline.
Gracile tubercle
This structure is the superior most part of the dorsal columns and is further lateral to the midline.
Cuneate tubercle
What connects the medulla to the cerebellum?
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
The 4th ventricle is located between which 2 structures?
Dorsal Brainstem
Cerebellum
What structure marks the division between the medulla and pons?
Striae medullares
What is the most caudal point of the 4th ventricle?
Obex
This divides the motor and sensory regions of the dorsal medulla/pons. Which is more medial? Lateral?
Sulcus limitans
Medial- motor
Lateral- sensory
Which of the nuclei is most superior on the dorsal medulla/pons? Which is inferior?
Facial colliculus
Hypoglossal trigone
Vagal trigone
This region is lateral to the facial colliculus.
Vestibular area
Corpora quadrigemina?
Dorsal midbrain
What makes up the corpora quadrigemina?
2 superior colliculi
2 inferior colliculi
What does the superior brachium connect?
Superior colliculus to lateral geniculate body
What does the inferior brachium connect?
Inferior colliculi to the medial geniculate body
Medial and lateral geniculate bodies?
Dorsal midbrain
Superior and inferior brachium?
Dorsal midbrain
What structure is located immediately superior to the superior colliculus?
Pineal gland
Pineal gland?
Dorsal midbrain
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
The lateral fissure separates which lobes?
Temporal from frontal and parietal
Opening the lateral fissure reveals which region?
Insula
The central sulcus separates which lobes?
Frontal
Parietal
What separates the parietal and occipital lobes?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
ONLY MEDIALLY
What is found rostral to the central gyrus?
Pre central gyrus
What makes up the primary motor cortex?
Pre central gyrus
What is immediately rostral to the pre central gyrus?
Pre central sulcus
What is caudal to the central sulcus?
Post central gyrus
What forms the primary somatosensory cortex?
Post central gyrus
What is immediately caudal to the postcentral gyrus?
Postcentral sulcus
From medial to lateral, what are the 3 gyri of the frontal lobe?
Superior frontal
Middle frontal
Inferior frontal
How many parts is the inferior frontal gyri divided into? They are?
3- opercular, triangular, orbital
What region is known as Broca’s area? What is the function?
Opercular gyrus
Motor language
This region is directly lateral to the midline interhemispheric fissure on the ventral frontal lobe.
Straight gyrus
From the interhemispheric fissure on the ventral frontal lobe what are the structures medial –> lateral?
Interhemispheric fissure –> straight gyrus –> olfactory sulcus –> orbital frontal gyrus
What structure runs within the olfactory sulcus?
Olfactory tract and bulb
Which region is immediately caudal to the lateral fissure?
Angular gyrus
What is the angular gyrus also known as? What is its function?
Wernecke’s area
Language
Supra marginal gyrus is part of which lobe?
Temporal
Which 2 regions are hidden in the lateral fissure?
Transverse gyri of Heschl
Insula
Which region serves as the primary auditory cortex?
Transverse gyri of Heschl
The insula function?
Visceral functions
This is the most medial gyrus on the ventral aspect of the temporal lobe.
Parahippocampal gyrus
This separates the parahippocampal gyrus from the rest of the temporal lobe.
Collateral sulcus
Going from medial to lateral, what are the structures on the ventral temporal lobe?
Hippocampal sulcus–> Parahippocampal gyrus –> collateral sulcus
This is a swelling of the rostral end of the parahippocampal gyrus?
Uncus
How many parts does the corpus callosum have? They are?
4- rostrum, genu, body, splenium
This is immediately dorsal to the corpus callosum?
Cingulate gyrus
This is immediately ventral to the corpus callosum?
Subcallosal region
This sulcus runs in the occipital lobe and merges with the parietal-occipital sulcus.
Calcarine sulcus
This separates the lateral ventricles.
Septum pellucidum
What forms the floor of the lateral ventricle?
Thalamus
What forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?
Caudate nucleus
This is a C-shaped tract between hippocampus and hypothalamus.
Fornix
This is rostral to rostrum of corpus callosum and connects temporal lobes.
Anterior commissure
This connects the two lobes of the thalami
Thalamic adhesion/masa intermedia
What is the flow of CSF?
Choroid plexus–> lateral ventricles–> foramen of Monroe–> 3rd ventricle–>cerebral aqueduct–> 4th ventricle
This connects the cerebellum to the midbrain
Superior cerebellar peduncle
The lateral geniculate body is important in what?
Head/eye coordination
This separates anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum
Primary fissure
This is the most anterior part of the vermis
Nodulus
What are the regions of the Brainstem?
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Swellings cover? Ridges cover?
Swellings- nuclei
Ridges- tracts
What produces CSF?
Choroid plexus
Where does the spinal cord end?
L1-L2
The very last point of the spinal cord is called?
Conus medullares
The continuation of the pia past the end of the spinal cord is what?
Filum terminale interna
The cauda equina consists of what nerve roots?
Lumbar and sacral
In between which brain layers are the venous sinuses?
Layers of the dura
True or False. White matter increases as you move down the spinal cord.
False- white matter decreases down the spinal cord
At what point along the spinal cord is the gray matter the most?
Cervical and lumbar enlargements
The dorsal columns are located in which tract?
Dorsal funiculus
The dorsal tract of the spinal cord is ascending or descending? What is the function?
Ascending
Sensory
The gray matter of the spinal cord divides it into 3 parts. They are?
Dorsal funiculus
Lateral funiculus
Ventral funiculus
The dorsal columns terminate into which 2 structures rostrally?
Cuneate tubercle
Gracile tubercle
What structure runs in the anterior median sulcus of the spinal cord?
Anterior spinal artery
What structures form the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
The epithalamus contains which structure?
Pineal gland