Skull And Vasculature Flashcards
What are the 2 parts of the skull?
Cranium
Facial skeleton
True or False. Bones of the skull are only formed by endochondral ossification.
False. They are formed by BOTH intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
These are membranous areas between bones of the skull that allow for growth in babies.
Fontanelles
How many soft spots does a baby have? They are?
2- Anterior and posterior
The anterior fontanelle separates which 2 bones?
Frontal
Parietals
The posterior fontanelle separates which 2 bones?
Parietal
Occipital
Which fontanelle closes FIRST?
Posterior
These are fibrous joints between bones of the skull that ossify in adults.
Sutures
How many sutures are there? They are?
3
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
The coronal suture separates which bones?
Frontal
Parietals
The sagittal suture separates which 2 bones?
Parietals
The Lambdoid suture separates which 2 bones?
Parietals
Occipital
This is the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures.
Bregma
This is the intersection of the sagittal and Lambdoid sutures.
Lambda
This is a disorder in which the sutures close prematurely.
Craniosynostosis
This is another name for the skull-cap.
Calvaria
The skull-cap is made of how many bones? They are?
4- frontal, 2 Parietals, occipital
This is the site most prone to fractures on the skull. What is its function?
Pterion- frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet
The zygomatic process is a feature of which bone? What does it articulate with?
Temporal
Zygomatic bone
The external acoustic meatus is a feature of which bone?
Temporal
The mastoid process is a feature of which bone?
Temporal
The styloid process is a feature of which bone?
Temporal
The foramen between the styloid and mastoid processes is called? What structures does it convey?
Stylomastoid foramen
CNVII/Facial
The place where the mandible articulates with the skull is called? It’s a feature of which bone?
Mandibular fossa
Temporal
This hole conveys the internal carotid artery. What bone is it part of?
Carotid canal
Temporal
The carotid canal conveys a vessel into which cranial fossa?
Middle cranial fossa
This hole conveys an important vein in the brain. What is it? What bone? Which vein?
Jugular foramen
Temporal
Internal jugular vein
The jugular foramen conveys which 4 important structures?
IJV
CNIX/glossopharyngeal
CNX/vagus
CNXI/accessory
This structure is a bony prominence superior to the nasal passage and in between the eyes. What bone is it part of?
Glabella
Frontal
There are 6 bones that make up the face. They are?
2 nasal bones
2 maxillae bones
2 zygomatic bones
Which bone contains the upper teeth?
Maxilla
Which bone contains the lower teeth?
Mandible
This bony structure is the point where the chin juts out. What bone?
Mental protuberance
Mandible
This hole is in the upper part of the eye socket. What is it? What bone? What does it convey?
Supra orbital foramen
Frontal
Supraorbital nerve and vessels
This hole is inferior to the eye socket and just medial to the nasal passage. What is it? What bone? What does it convey?
Infra orbital foramen
Maxilla
Infraorbital nerve and vessels
This hole is located on either side of the midline on the chin. What is it? Which bone? What does it convey?
Mental foramen
Mandible
Mental nerve and vessels
How does the skull articulate with the neck?
Via occipital condyles that articulate with superior articular facet of the atlas
What 3 structures travel through the foramen magnum?
Brainstem/spinal cord
CNXI/accessory
Vertebral arteries
The hard palate is made of which 2 bones?
Maxilla
Palatine
How many cranial fossa are there? What are they?
3
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
What structure separates the anterior and middle cranial fossae?
Lesser wing of sphenoid
What structure separates the middle and posterior fossae?
Petrous ridge
What 3 bony structures are part of the anterior fossa?
Crista galli
Cribiform plate
Roof of orbit
Where does the falx celebri attach at the rostral end?
Crista galli
This is a ridge in the midline of the ethmoid bone
Crista galli
Where does CNI/olfactory nerve pass through toward the brain?
Cribiform plate
This is part of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity.
Cribiform plate
Which 2 structures run through the optic canal?
Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery
Which 2 foramen connect the eye and brain?
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
This bony structure contains the pituitary gland.
Hypophyseal fossa
Which structure runs through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary division of CNV/Trigeminal
What structure runs through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular division of CNV/Trigeminal
What structure runs through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
The internal acoustic meatus is in which fossa?
Posterior
What structure forms the inner ear canal?
Internal acoustic meatus
What structure runs through the hypoglossal canal?
CNXII/hypoglossal
What are the layers of the meninges going from most outside to inside?
Skull–> epidural space –> dura –> subdural space –> arachnoid –> subarachnoid space –> pia –> brain
Which is the thickest meninges?
Dura
Where is the CSF contained?
Subarachnoid space
Which artery is found between the dura and calvaria?
Middle meningeal artery
Which artery supplies the dura and calvaria?
Middle meningeal artery
Rupture of which vessel commonly causes epidural hematoma?
Middle meningeal artery
What is the flow of blood from the cerebral bridging veins to the internal jugular vein?
Cerebral –> superior sagittal –> confluence –> transverse –> sigmoid –> IJV
What is the flow of blood from the inferior sagittal sinus to the IJV?
Inferior sagittal –> straight –> confluence –> transverse –> sigmoid –> IJV
What is the flow of blood from the occipital sinus to the IJV?
Occipital –> confluence –> transverse –> sigmoid –> IJV
Which sinuses drain into the confluence?
Superior sagittal
Straight
Occipital
Transverse
Where does the CSF get reabsorbed back into the blood?
Arachnoid granulations
What structure separates the cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
The cerebral/bridging veins are located in which layer? What layers must they traverse before draining into the sinuses?
Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid–> subdural space –> dura
What is the layer of dura between hemispheres?
Falx cerebri
What are the rostral and caudal attachment points of the falx cerebri?
Rostral- crista galli
Caudal- straight sinus
What is the horizontal layer of dura separating the cerebrum and cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
Where do the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli meet?
Straight sinus
What sinuses are located on either side of the hypophyseal fossa?
Cavernous sinuses
In which layer are the large arteries and veins?
Subarachnoid space
Which 2 arteries supply the brain?
ICA
Vertebral
This artery branches off the ICA before it splits and travels dorsally. What structure does it follow?
Anterior choroidal artery
Optic tract
This artery branches off the vertebral artery rostrally and travels ventrally along the spinal cord. What structure does it supply?
Anterior spinal artery
Spinal cord
Go over arteries
Know all branches off ICA and vertebral arteries
Which 2 regions does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
Anteromedial cerebral hemisphere
Anterosuperior lateral hemisphere
Which artery runs in the interhemispheric fissure?
Anterior cerebral artery
Which artery primarily supplies the lateral hemisphere?
Middle cerebral artery
Which artery runs in the lateral fissure?
Middle cerebral artery
Which 2 regions does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Medial and inferior temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Which artery supplies the medial temporal lobe?
Posterior cerebral
Which artery supplies the inferior temporal lobe?
Posterior cerebral
Which artery supplies the occipital lobe?
Posterior cerebral
Which arteries branch off the rostral tip of the basilar artery?
Posterior perforating arteries
Which arteries penetrate the brain in the interpeduncular fossa? Through which structure?
Posterior perforating arteries
Posterior perforated substance
The posterior perforating arteries supply which 2 structures?
Midbrain
Posterior thalamus
Which artery primarily supplies the superior cerebellum?
Superior cerebellar
Which artery supplies the lateral pons?
Anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA)
Which artery supplies the anteroinferior cerebellum?
Anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA)
Which artery supplies the lateral medulla?
Posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA)
Which artery supplies the posteroinferior cerebellum?
Posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA)
Which cranial nerve is the ONLY nerve to leave the brain stem dorsally?
CNIV- Trochlear
