Topoc 7A: Nutrition And Ageing Flashcards
Tell me some stuff about the international plan of action on ageing
-the universal declaration of human rights apply fully to the ageing
-do solemnly recognise that quality of lice is no less important than longevity, and that ageing should therefore be enables go enjoy their own families and communities a life if fulfilment, health, security
Primary aim is to strengthen the capacities of countries to deal effectively with the ageing of their populations and with the special concerns and needs of their elderly.
What are the issues of having an ageing population?
- the % of ageing population is increasing rapidly
- increased life expectancy (low mortality(
- general trend of decreased fertility rate
- decreased working population
- longer lives and disability
- increased burden of chronic disease
- changing roles of the family
- women live longer than men
- strains on pension and social security systems
- increasing demand on health care
- bigger need got trained health workforce in gerontology
- increasing demand for long term health cafe, particularly dealing with dementia
- the raising of pervasive ageism that denies older people the rights and opportunities available for other adults
What are the United Nations Principles for Older People
- independence
- participation
- care
- self-fulfilment
- dignity
Strategies
- Promoting good health and healthy behaviours at all ages to prevent or delay the development of chronic disease.
- bring physically active, eating healthy diet, avoiding the harmful use of tobacco, alcohol etc can reduce risk of chronic disease. These behaviours need to start in early life and continue into older age. - Minimising the consequences of chronic disease through early detection and quality care (primary, long term care)
- Creating physical and social environments that foster the health and participation of older people.
- Reinventing ageing- changing social attitudes to encourage the participation of older people.
What are the healthy lifestyle habits that the elderly should engage in?
- sleeping regularly and adequately
- eating well-balanced meals (including breakfast) regularly
- engaging in physical activity regularly
- not smoking
- not using alcohol, or using it in moderation only
- maintaining a healthy body weight
- good social life
- mental activity
Why is nutrition important in old age?
Secondary prevention: slow progression of chronic nutrition-related diseases; maintain functionality, quality of life, fitness, and mental health.
Tertiary prevention: medical nutrition therapy
There is increasing evidence of a link between nutrition and mental health.
Short term memory- vit B12, vit C, Vit
Performance in problem solving tests: riboflavin, folate, vit B12, vit C.
Mental health- thiamin, niacin, zinc, folate
Vision- essential fatty acids, vit A
Neurotransmitter synthesis- tyrosine, choline
Nutritional needs in older adults. Energy decreases? Protein? Carbs? Lipids? Vitamins and minerals? Water? Fibre and water?
Nutritional needs in older adults. Energy decreases? 3-5% per decade Protein? Necessary to protect muscle mass; boost immune system and optimise bone mass Carbs? 45% to 65% of energy source Lipids? 20-39% of energy sources Vitamins and minerals? Vit B12, Vit D, Ca, Fe Water? Prevents dehydration Fibre and water? Reduce constipation
Look at slide 21 for examples of physiological changes like decreased bone density and how it impacts their nutrient requirement
Interesting
Nutrition related concerns of older adults vision. Cataracts. Preventative strategies Macular degeneration Preventative factors?
Cataracts
- consuming foods or taking supplements of vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids may decrease the risk of slow progression cataracts.
- there is some assosiation with obesity
Macular degeneration:
Strategies:
-antioxidants, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids
-total fat intake may be a risk factor
-include fish, green leafy and yellow and red vegetables and nuts in the diet
-stop smoking
-exercise regulatory and maintain a healthy weight
-take vitamins and mineras
-wear sunnies
Nutrition related concerns of older adults vision.
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Osteoarthritis:
- risk factors include age, smoking, BMI at 40, and lack of hormone therapy in women
- deterioration of cartilage in the joints
- assosiated with overweight
Rheumatoid arthritis:
-immune system attacks bone coverage (the lining of joints)
-omega-3 fatty acids may reduce joint tenderness and motility.
(Increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids
-antioxidant may decrease free-radical damage to joint linings, which diminish swelling and pain.
Gout:
- uric acid deposits form in the joints
- uric acid levels are increased when meat and seafood are consumed.
- milk products lower uric acid levels.
When assessing malnutrition in older people remember: DETERMINE.
What does Each letter stand for?
Disease Eating poorly Tooth loss or oral pain Economic hardship Reduce social contact Multiple medications Involuntary weight loss/gain Needs assistance with self care Elderly person older than 80 years
What are the benefits of exercising for old people?
Endurance exercise: increase stamina and improve the health of heart, lungs and circulatory system.
Strength exercises: build muscle and reduce risk of osteoporosis
Balance exercises: help prevent falls
Flexibility or stretching exercises: keep body limber
Stimulation of the brain
Look at slide 27 for what exercises should be done
Interactions between drugs and nutrition.
How does drugs affect nutrition?
Drugs may alter: food intake by
- altering appetite
- interfering with taste and smell
- Inducing nausea or vomiting
- changing oral environment
- causing sores or inflammation of the mouth
B) nutrient absorption by:
- changing acidity of the digestive tract
- altering digestive juices
- altering motility of digestive tract
- inactivating enzyme systems
- damaging mucosal lining
- binding nutrients
C) nutrient excretion by
- altering reabsorption
- displacing nutrients from their plasma protein carriers
