Lecture 1 + 2: Overview Of Nutrition

Question 0

What are macronutrients and micronuients?

Answer 0

Macronutrients: carbs, protein, lipids
45-65%, 15-25%, 20-30%

Micronutrients: vitamins and minerals

Question 1

What are the 5 core food groups?

Answer 1

1. Vegetables, legumes/ beans
2. Fruit
3. Grains (cereals) foods: breads, cereals, rice, pasta and noodles
4. Lean meat, fish, poultry, eggs, seeds and nuts, legumes
5. Milk, yougurt,cheese and alternatives

Question 2

What is a functional food?

Answer 2

Branded foods that claim to improve health or well being eg pro biotics, live beneficial bacteria, cereal foods containing fibre etc

Question 3

Give the definition of a nutritional assessment

Answer 3

An in-depth evaluation of both objective and subjective data related to an individuals food and nutrient intake, lifestyle and medical history

Question 4

What do we do nutritional assessments for both individuals and the community?

Answer 4

Individual: plan for care, of intervention, designed to help the individual either maintain there assessed status or attain a healthier status
Community: prevention and screening of malnutrition, surveillance of populations

Question 5

What are the data collection methods. Ie direct or indirect and ABCD

Answer 5

Direct: individual and use objective criteria
Indirect: use community health indices that reflect nutritional influences
A nthropometric measurements
B io mechanical measurements (lab results)
C linical assessment and
D ietry assessment

Question 6

What is anthropometric assessment?

Answer 6

Used to co pare individuals, to compare growth in the young, and to asses weight loss or gain. 
Indices: 
Weight
Height 
BMI
Waist circumference

Question 7

What is bio mechanical data

Answer 7

Laboratory tests based on blood and urine eg plasma folate
Can be altered by other factors eg medication, illness

There are some problems with biomechanical test:
Eg instability of vitamin C in vitro, changes in plasma concentration over intake in different nutrients

Question 8

What is clinical data?

Answer 8

Information about the individuals medical history including previous disease, current medications and physical symptoms and signs of illness (collected from physical examination)

Question 9

What is dietary assessment

How do we estimate nutrient intake from foods consumption?

Answer 9

Food composition tables and databases:

• provide the necessary info on food sources for different nutrients
• to describe the composition of the foods in the country of origin
• contain data on foods eaten on a regular basis by the population
• values are based on chemical analyses of food items

Question 10

What are some considerations when compiling food composition and data?

Answer 10

1. Revelance of the types of food commonly so summed by the population on a year-round basis and pertinent to the current food supply
2. High quality data producing precise and accurate values

Question 11

What is a method for an individuals dietary assessment methods?

Answer 11

Prospective methods: 
-food diary
Retrospective: 
-24 hr recall 
-food frequency questionnaire: used to asses long-term food habits 
-dietary history