Topik 6

Question 1

Layer of lung

Answer 1

Parietal pleura (luar)
Visceral pleura (belakang)
Pleural cavity (tgh ii)

Intercostal muscle (dlm rib)

Question 2

Explain lung

Answer 2

-Lungs are pair of respiratory organs
-When young, lungs are brown/ grey, gradually become mottled black cause of carbone particles
-right lung heavier than left lung

Question 3

Features of lungs

Answer 3

-Each lung is cone shape
- apex at the upper end
- base resting at 6th ribs
-Three boarders; anterior, posterior, inferior
-two surface; costal, medial

Question 4

Lung boarders of anterior

Answer 4

Anterior; boarder of left lungs shows a wide cardiac notch below level of fourth costal cartilage

Question 5

Lung boarders of posterior

Answer 5

Posterior boarder corresponds to the margins of the heads of the ribs

Question 6

Lung boarders of inferior

Answer 6

Inferior boarder separate the base from costal and medial surfaces

Question 7

Lung surface

Answer 7

Costal surface- large and convex
Medial surface- divided into vertebral part/ mediastinal part

Question 8

Fissure and lobe of right lung

Answer 8

-3 lobes
-2 fissure oblique/horizontal
- shorter due to liver

Question 9

Fissure and lobes of Left lung

Answer 9

-2 lobes
-1 oblique fissure
-narrower due to heart

Question 10

Airway

Answer 10

Trachea, primary bronchi,secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi
-covered by hyaline cartilage

Question 11

Blood supply

Answer 11

Lungs do not receive any vascular supply
Blood dilevered to lung via bronchiole arteries
Travel along bronchial tree

Question 12

Ribcage

Answer 12

Ribs are 12 bones which protective ‘cage’ of thorax

They articulates with vertebral column posteriorly/ terminate anteriorly as cartilage

Ribs protect the internal thoracic organs

During chest expansion the ribcage moves to permit lung

Question 13

Classification of ribs

Answer 13

-True ribs
1-7 ribs
Articulates directly with sternum

-False ribs
8-12 ribs
Do not articulates with sternum directly

-Floating
11-12 ribs
No anterior articulates with ribs/sternum

Question 14

Head of ribs

Answer 14

Has 2 articular facets
-articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae
-articulates with vertebrae above

Question 15

Neck of ribs

Answer 15

Neck meets the body, there’s rough tubercle
Facet articulates with transverse process

Question 16

Body of ribs

Answer 16

Flat and curved
Protect vessels/nerves from damage

Question 17

Typical ribs

Answer 17

3-9
Have similar features

Question 18

Atypical ribs

Answer 18

Rib 1- shorter/wider, has only 1 facet, articulation with corresponding vertebrae

Rib 2- thinner, longer than rib 1, has 2 articular facet

Rib 10- has 1 facet, articulation numerically corresponding vertebrae

Rib 11/12- have no neck, 1 facet, articulation with corresponding vertebrae

Question 19

Posterior articulates
Of ribs

Answer 19

Costotransverse joint-
Between tubercle of rib and transverse costal facet of corresponding vertebrae

Costovertebral joint -
Between head of rib, superior costal facet, and inferior costal facet

Question 20

5 muscle in thoracic cage

Answer 20

External, internal, innermost, subcostal, transversus thoracic

Change volume of thoracic cavity

Question 21

Accessory muscle of inspiration

Answer 21

Sternocleidomastoid
-contract to elevate sternum

Pectoralis minor
-contract to pull ribs outward

Question 22

Accessory muscle of expiration

Answer 22

Abdominals
- contract to compress abdomen

Quadratus lumborum
-contract to pull ribs down

Question 23

Diaphragm

Answer 23

Located at the inferior ribcage

Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

Contraction, relaxation, altering volume

produce inspiration, expiration