Topik 6 Flashcards
Layer of lung
Parietal pleura (luar)
Visceral pleura (belakang)
Pleural cavity (tgh ii)
Intercostal muscle (dlm rib)
Explain lung
-Lungs are pair of respiratory organs
-When young, lungs are brown/ grey, gradually become mottled black cause of carbone particles
-right lung heavier than left lung
Features of lungs
-Each lung is cone shape
- apex at the upper end
- base resting at 6th ribs
-Three boarders; anterior, posterior, inferior
-two surface; costal, medial
Lung boarders of anterior
Anterior; boarder of left lungs shows a wide cardiac notch below level of fourth costal cartilage
Lung boarders of posterior
Posterior boarder corresponds to the margins of the heads of the ribs
Lung boarders of inferior
Inferior boarder separate the base from costal and medial surfaces
Lung surface
Costal surface- large and convex
Medial surface- divided into vertebral part/ mediastinal part
Fissure and lobe of right lung
-3 lobes
-2 fissure oblique/horizontal
- shorter due to liver
Fissure and lobes of Left lung
-2 lobes
-1 oblique fissure
-narrower due to heart
Airway
Trachea, primary bronchi,secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi
-covered by hyaline cartilage
Blood supply
Lungs do not receive any vascular supply
Blood dilevered to lung via bronchiole arteries
Travel along bronchial tree
Ribcage
Ribs are 12 bones which protective ‘cage’ of thorax
They articulates with vertebral column posteriorly/ terminate anteriorly as cartilage
Ribs protect the internal thoracic organs
During chest expansion the ribcage moves to permit lung
Classification of ribs
-True ribs
1-7 ribs
Articulates directly with sternum
-False ribs
8-12 ribs
Do not articulates with sternum directly
-Floating
11-12 ribs
No anterior articulates with ribs/sternum
Head of ribs
Has 2 articular facets
-articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae
-articulates with vertebrae above
Neck of ribs
Neck meets the body, there’s rough tubercle
Facet articulates with transverse process
Body of ribs
Flat and curved
Protect vessels/nerves from damage
Typical ribs
3-9
Have similar features
Atypical ribs
Rib 1- shorter/wider, has only 1 facet, articulation with corresponding vertebrae
Rib 2- thinner, longer than rib 1, has 2 articular facet
Rib 10- has 1 facet, articulation numerically corresponding vertebrae
Rib 11/12- have no neck, 1 facet, articulation with corresponding vertebrae
Posterior articulates
Of ribs
Costotransverse joint-
Between tubercle of rib and transverse costal facet of corresponding vertebrae
Costovertebral joint -
Between head of rib, superior costal facet, and inferior costal facet
5 muscle in thoracic cage
External, internal, innermost, subcostal, transversus thoracic
Change volume of thoracic cavity
Accessory muscle of inspiration
Sternocleidomastoid
-contract to elevate sternum
Pectoralis minor
-contract to pull ribs outward
Accessory muscle of expiration
Abdominals
- contract to compress abdomen
Quadratus lumborum
-contract to pull ribs down
Diaphragm
Located at the inferior ribcage
Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
Contraction, relaxation, altering volume
produce inspiration, expiration
