Topics for Exam 2 Review this Firse Flashcards
What are the 3 main characteristics of a normal curve?
Symmetrical, mean, median, mode are all at center of distribution, curve is bell shaped
How to compute the z-score from a raw score?
Standard z-score formulaH
How to find raw score if given the z-score?
Work backwards from the normal formula
What does the process of standardization convert?
Individual scores from different distributions to standard scores which share a common distribution
If we wished to compare two scores that are measured on different scales, we would need to transform the scores into ______.
z-scores
A ________represents the number of standard deviations a particular score is from the mean.
z-score
In a standard normal curve, using the empirical rule, what percentile corresponds to a z-score of 2.0?
98
Making meaningful comparisons of variables, even when they were measured on different scales, requires converting those variables to a common scale. This process is called _______.
standardization
e
What does any standardized distribution have?
Similar scores in the measures of central tendency
e
In a standard normal curve, using the empirical rule, what percentile corresponds to a z-score of 1.0?
84
A result that is statistically significant does not mean that it is _________.
Important in the real world
Hypothesis testing alone may oversimplify results. Which of the following is a way to enhance our analysis?
statistical power analyses, effect size calculations
What does increasing the sample size do?
Increases the likelihood that we will reject the null hypothesis
What is empirical probability?
Based on actual experiments of occurrence of events, total # of events/trials
What is the independent rule in multiplicative theorem?
P(A) x P(B)
What is the dependent rule in multiplicative theorem?
P(A) x P(A | B)
What is the multiplicative rule?
Probability of 2 events happening together?
What is the additive theory used for?
Predicting likelihood of any one of several events
What theorem assumes mutually exclusive?
Additive
How does size effect standard error?
Smaller as sample size is bigger
What do bigger samples give us?
Better estimates of the population
What does central limit theorem state?
As distributions approach normal shape size of samples increased
In a probability experiment, an event consists of ___________.
A subset of the sample space
Probability can be defined as the likelihood of an event expressed in _______ terms.
numerical, mathematical, quantitative
Fill in the following series of events: Probability experiment → trial → ________\
outcome
what is inferential statistics?
drawing conclusions about pop based on sample it is taken from, large group from small
If the sample size is very large and the decision is to reject null……..
True difference may be inconsequential from a practical importance POV
what is descriptive statistics?
Summarizing data collected
