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Psychology Paper 3 > Topics > Flashcards

Topics Flashcards

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1
Q

Sex and Gender

A

Sex
Gender
Sex-Role Stereotypes

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2
Q

Androgyny

A

Sandra Bem
Bem Sex Role Inventory

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3
Q

Role of Chromosomes and Hormones

A

XX/XY
SRY gene and androgens
Testosterone
Oestrogen
Oxytocin
Atypical Chromosome Patterns

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4
Q

Atypical Sex Chromosome Patterns

A

Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Turner’s Syndrome
Physical characteristics
Psychological characteristics

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5
Q

Cognitive Explanations of Gender

A

Kohlberg’s Cognitive Developmental Theory

Gender Schema Theory (Martin and Halverson)

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6
Q

Kohlberg’s Cognitive Developmental Theory

A

Stages of Development
Gender Identity
Gender Stability
Gender Constancy

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7
Q

Gender Schema Theory

A

Martin and Halverson
In-group/Outgroup
Schema and Gender Scripts

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8
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Freud
Oedipus Complex
Electra Complex
Identification and Internalisation

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9
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Direct Reinforcement
Indirect Reinforcement
Identification and Modelling
Mediational Processes

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10
Q

Culture and Media on Gender

A

Differences - Mead
Similarities - Buss, Munroe and Munroe
Rigid Stereotypes - Furnham and Farragher, Bussey and Bandura
Self Efficacy - Mitra et al

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11
Q

Atypical Gender Development

A

Gender Dysphoria
Biological:
Brain Sex Theory (Krujiver)
Genetic Factors (Coolidge)
Social-Psychological:
Psychoanalytic (Ovesey and Person)
Social Constructionism (McClintock)

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12
Q

Diagnosis and Classification of Sz

A

ICD-11
DSM-5
Positive Symptoms
Negative Symptoms (Andreasen)
Reliability and Validity (Cheniaux)

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13
Q

Biological Explanations of Sz

A

Genetic basis:
- family studies (Gottesman)
- candidate genes (Ripke)

Neural Correlates:
- dopamine hypotheses (davis)

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14
Q

Psychological Explanations of Sz

A

Family Dysfunction:
- Schizophrenogenic mother
- Double Bind theory
- Expressed Emotion

Cognitive Explanations:
- dysfunctional thinking
- metarepresentation dysfunction
- central control dysfunction (Frith)

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15
Q

Biological Treatment for Sz

A

Antipsychotics
Atypical
Typical
Chlorpromazine
Clozapine
Respiridone

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16
Q

Psychological Treatment for Sz

A

CBT
- normalisation
- reality testing
Family Therapy (Pharaoh)
- reduce negative emotions
- improve family’s ability to help

17
Q

Management of Sz

A

Token Economies
- Allyon and Azrin
- benefits
- how it works

18
Q

Interactionist Approach to Sz

A

Meehl (Schizogene)
- Diathesis Stress Model
- Modern understanding of diathesis stress
- Treatment

19
Q

Offender Profiling

A

Top Down
- organised
- disorganised
- FBI profile
Bottom Up
- Investigative psychology
- Geographical profiling
- Canter’s circle theory

20
Q

Biological explanations of offending behaviour

A

Historical approach:
Lombroso
Atavistic form

Genetic explanation:
MAOA
CDH13
(Tiihonen)
(Christiansen)
(Crowe)

Neural explanations:
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Prefrontal cortex
- Mirror neurons

21
Q

Psychological Explanations of offending behaviour

A

Eysenck’s criminal personality theory:
- biological basis
- role of socialisation
- EPI

Cognitive Explanations:
- Kohlberg’s levels of moral reasoning
- Cognitive Distortions
- hostile attribution bias and minimisation

Differential Association Theory

Psychodynamic explanations
- Inadequate Superego
- Maternal Deprivation

22
Q

Dealing with Offending Behaviour

A

Custodial Sentencing
- incapacitation
- retribution
- rehabilitation
- deterrence

Behaviour Management
- token economy
- operationalise target behaviour
- scoring system
- train staff

Anger Management
- CBT
- Keen
- Cognitive Preparation
- Skills Acquisition
- Application Practice

Restorative Justice
- Sentencing and restitution
- RJC
- Changing emphasis

23
Q

Gender Bias

A

Universality and Bias
Alpha Bias
Beta Bias
Androcentrism

24
Q

Culture Bias

A

Universality and Bias
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism

25
Q

Free will and Determinism

A

Free will
soft determinism
hard determinism
psychic determinism
biological determinism
environmental determinism

26
Q

Nature-Nurture debate

A

Interactionist approach
Diathesis-stress model
Epigenetics
Measuring

27
Q

Holism/Reductionism

A

Holism
Levels of Reductionism:
Socio-cultural
Physiological
Physical
Behaviourist/environmental
Psychological
Neurochemical
Biological Reductionism
Environmental Reductionism

28
Q

Idiographic and Nomothetic

A

Idiographic:
subjective
qualitative

Nomothetic:
scientific basis
objective
quantitative

29
Q

Ethical Implications

A

Social Sensitivity
Seiber and Stanley
Implications for research process:
research questions
dealing with participants
how findings are used

Psychology Paper 3 (6 decks)

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