Topic1- Elements, Compounds And Mixtures Flashcards
What is an element?
Substance consisting of only one type of atom. Cannot be broken down into anything simpler.
e.g iron, chlorine, argon etc
What are the particles in an element called?
ATOMS- simplest particles of an element e.g gold
MOLECULES-2 or more atoms joined e.g oxygen
how are all substances different?
They are made of different atoms
give the appearance + if solid/liquid/gas @20 degrees of IRON
shiny, hard, solid
give the appearance and state of CARBON @20 degrees
hard, brittle,black, solid
give the appearance and state of ALUMINIUM @20 degrees
shiny grey, solid
give the appearance and state of OXYGEN @20 degrees
not visible, gas
give the appearance and state of COPPER @20 degrees
shiny, bendy, solid
give the appearance and state of MAGNESIUM @20 degrees
Silver ribbon ,solid
give the appearance and state of HYDROGEN @20 degrees
not visible, gas
what is an atom?
simplest particle of element that can exist on its own
what is a molecule?
2 or more atoms chemically bonded together
Give the appearance and state of SULFUR @20 degrees
bright, yellow, solid
give the appearance and state of BROMINE @20degrees
dull, brown, liquid
Give the appearance and state of CALCIUM at 20 degrees
dull,grey, solid
give the symbol for hydrogen
H
symbol for lithium
Li
Symbol for sodium
Na
Symbol for potassium
K
Symbol for magnesium
Mg
Symbol for calcium
Ca
Symbol for barium
Ba
Symbol for aluminium
Al
Symbol for iron
Fe
Symbol for silver
Ag
Symbol for carbon
C
Symbol for silicon
Si
Symbol for lead
Pb
Symbol for nitrogen
N
Symbol for phosphorus
P
Symbol for oxygen
O
Symbol for sulfur
S
Symbol for chlorine
Cl
Symbol for bromine
Br
Symbol for iodine
I
What is the periodic table?
approx 100 elements
period is horizontal row
group is vertical column
1st letter of element is capital and 2nd letter is lowercase
How do you separate an iron and sulphur mixture?
Iron is magnetic so if magnet is stirred through mixture, iron will stick to it. Sulphur will not as it is non-magnetic.
What does malleable mean?
Can be hammered into shape
What does ductile mean?
To be drawn into wires
Give some properties of metals
good conductors of electricity and heat
usually high melting/boiling points
all solids at room temp except mercury
shiny solids
usually malleable and ductile.
Give some properties of non metals
soft + brittle (except diamond)
Poor conductors of heat
Usually low melting/boiling points
Poor conductors of electricity (except graphite)
usually dull (diamond is exception)
gas/solid/liquid at room temp
What is a compound?
Substance formed when two or more (different) elements are chemically combined. Pure substance. Cannot be separated easily.
They have completely different properties to elements used to make them.
What are the particles in a compound called?
Molecules
how do we name compounds?
-ends in -ide if contains 2 elements
-ends in -ate if it contains three or more elements. (One being oxygen)
e.g iron +sulfur —> iron sulfide
e.g sodium+nitrogen+oxygen—> sodium nitrate
what is a mixture?
2 or more substances mixed together. Usually easy to separate.
what can mixtures be composed of? Give three types
mixture of elements
mixture of element + compounds
Mixture of compounds.
How do we write common compounds as symbols?
e.g water (H20)
state of compound = liquid
elements present in compound=2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen.
state of each element present in compound- H- gas, O-gas.
