Atomic Structure Flashcards
Where are electrons found?
The shells
Where are protons and neutrons found?
The nucleus
How are elements on periodic table organised?
In order of atomic structure
What are particles of elements made up of?
Atoms
What is the relative charge of a proton, neutron and electron?
P= +1
N=0
E=-1
What is the relative mass of a proton neutron and electron?
P=1
N=1
E=1/1840
What is the atomic number?
Number of protons found in nucleus of atom.
what is the mass number?
Total number of protons + neutrons in nucleus of atom.
How do we find the number of electrons in an atom?
number of electrons is same as number of protons. (Number of protons displayed at bottom of element)
How do we calculate number of neutrons in an atom?
mass number - protons
On the periodic table every element has an atomic number + mass number. If helium has a mass number of 4 and atomic number of 2 calculate the numbers of protons, neutrons + electrons.
Atomic number = 2
Number of protons= 2
Number of electrons = 2
Number of neutrons= 2
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be contained in the first shell, second shell and third shells of an atom?
First shell= 2
Second shell= 8
Third shell = 8
How do you find the electronic structure of an element?
Start at the first shell. The number of markings on it is the first number of the answer.
second number of answer comes from second shell and so on.
It doesn’t matter if it only has e.g 1-2 outside bands. Fill each one up to its max if you can. E.g if there is 5 electrons you only need 2 bands- the first one with 2 and the second with 3.
Short hand =
e.g Sulfur- 2,8,6
What is the difference between an atom and ion?
Atom is neutral particle.
Ion has positive or negative electrical charge.
What is the electronic structure of aluminium?
2,8,3
