Topic: Yourself and Relationships Flashcards
adjective
arduous
/ˈɑː.dʒu.əs/
difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy
mệt mỏi, gian truân
- an arduous climb/task/journey
- In those days, a trip to the West was an arduous journey.
adjective
gruelling
/ˈɡruː.ə.lɪŋ/
extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and determination
mệt mỏi, căng thẳng
- Junior doctors often have to work a gruelling 100-hour week.
- He eventually won the match after five gruelling sets.
adjective
backbreaking
/ˈbækˌbreɪ.kɪŋ/
needing a lot of hard, physical effort and making you feel extremely tired
mệt mỏi (gãy lưng - nghĩa bóng)
Digging the vegetable garden was backbreaking work.
adjective
laborious
/ləˈbɔː.ri.əs/
needing a lot of time and effort
đòi hỏi sự chăm chỉ nỗ lực
a laborious task
adjective
hostile
/ˈhɒs.taɪl/
- unfriendly and not liking something
- difficult or not suitable for living or growing
- connected with the enemy in a war
không thân thiện/ không phù hợp để sống, phát triển/ thuộc về thù địch
- a hostile crowd
- The president had a hostile reception in Ohio this morning.
- hostile weather conditions
- a hostile climate/environment
- hostile aircraft/forces
adjective
hostile (to st)
/ˈhɒs.taɪl/
not agreeing with something
không đồng tình, phản đối
I’m not hostile to (= against) the idea of change as such.
adjective
spontaneous
/spɒnˈteɪ.ni.əs/
happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced
happening naturally, without planning or encouragement
không có chủ đích/ tự nhiên
His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
approving She’s such a spontaneous, lively woman.
Antonym: deliberate
Synonym: unwitting, unwilled
adjective
unwilling to
/ʌnˈwɪl.ɪŋ/
not wanting to do something
có thái độ không muôn
- an unwilling helper
- The bank was unwilling to lend her money.
verb
induce
/ɪnˈdjuːs/
- to make something happen or to persuade someone to do something
- to use a drug to make a pregnant woman start giving birth before its natural time
làm (một hành động), tạo nên (gì đó), thuyết phục ai đó/ cho đẻ sớm
- The aim of advertising is to induce brand loyalty.
- They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom.
- Nothing could induce me (= I definitely cannot be persuaded) to climb a mountain/ride a bike.
adjective
unwitting
/ʌnˈwɪt.ɪŋ/
without knowing or planning
vô tình, vô ý
The two women claimed they were the unwitting victims of a drug dealer who planted a large quantity of heroin in their luggage.
adjective
witting
/ˈwɪt.ɪŋ/
knowing what is involved in a particular situation; done while being aware of the facts
biết, có chủ đích
There have been both witting and unwitting participants in the fraud.
Synonym: deliberate
adjective
cognisant
/ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/
understanding or realizing something
We should be cognisant of the fact that every complaint is not a justified complaint.
Synonym: aware, conscious
verb
comprehend
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhend/
to understand something completely
hiểu rõ
- I fail to comprehend their attitude.
- He doesn’t seem to comprehend the scale of the problem
- [ + question word ] I’ll never comprehend why she did what she did.
- [ + that ] I don’t think he fully comprehends that she won’t be here to help him.
verb
indulge
/ɪnˈdʌldʒ/
- to allow yourself or another person to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you
- to give someone anything they want and not to mind if they behave badly
- take part in an activity, especially on that is illegal
chìm đắm vào, làm thoả mãn/ dễ dãi, nuông chiều/ dấn vào, dính líu
- The soccer fans indulged their patriotism, waving flags and singing songs.
- I love champagne but I don’t often indulge myself.
- We took a deliberate decision to indulge in a little nostalgia.
- My aunt indulges the children dreadfully.
adverb
dreadfully
/ˈdred.fəl.i/
- extremely badly
- extremely
cực kỳ tệ/ cực kỳ
- She behaved dreadfully.
- He was dreadfully upset.
- I’m dreadfully sorry - I really am.
adjective
dreadful
/ˈdred.fəl/
- causing fear, shock, or suffering
- of very low quality or very unpleasant
- used to emphasize the great degree of something
sốc, đáng kinh ngạc, kinh hãi/ cực kỳ tệ, khó chịu/ cực kỳ (tiêu cực)
- The news report was so dreadful that I just had to switch it off.
- the dreadful sufferings of the people during this war
- The food was bad and the service was dreadful.
- They played some dreadful music.
- I was beginning to think I’d made a dreadful mistake.
- It’s a dreadful shame you couldn’t come.
Synonym: horrendous, awful, terrible
adjective
horrendous
/həˈren.dəs/
- extremely unpleasant or bad
- so bad as to be shocking; extremely unpleasant
cực kỳ kinh hãi, khốc liệt, khó chịu, etc.
- a horrendous accident/tragedy/crime
- horrendous suffering/damage
- Conditions in the refugee camps were horrendous.
- The firm made horrendous (= very big) losses last year.
- Exhibits show how horrendous the living conditions there were.
verb
determine
/dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/
- to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen
- to make a strong decision
- to discover the facts or truth about something = establish
xác định, quyết định (rằng)/ kiên quyết/ xác định (điều gì)
- Your health is determined in part by what you eat.
- Eye colour is genetically determined.
- [ + question word ] formal Officials will determine whether or not the game will be played.
- [ + that ] She determined that one day she would be an actor.
- [ + to infinitive ] On leaving jail, Joe determined to reform.
- [ + question word ] It is the responsibility of the court to determine whether these men are innocent.
noun
integrity
/ɪnˈteɡ.rə.ti/
- the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change
- the quality of being whole and complete
chính trực, liêm chính/ tính toàn vẹn, nguyên bản
- No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity.
- A modern extension on the old building would ruin its architectural integrity.
adjective
considerate
/kənˈsɪd.ər.ət/
- kind and helpful
- caring about and respectful of others
chu đáo, tận tình
- It wasn’t very considerate of you to drink all the milk.
- He is always a kind and considerate host.
adjective
misleading
/ˌmɪsˈliː.dɪŋ/
causing someone to believe something that is not true
đánh lạc hướng, gây hiểu lầm, lừa
- misleading information/statements
- Adverts must not create a misleading impression.
adjective
deceptive
/dɪˈsiːt.fəl/
making you believe something that is not true
lừa gạt
It’s deceptive - from the outside the building looks small, but inside it’s very big.
adjective
cunning
/ˈkʌn.ɪŋ/
- Cunning people are clever at planning something so that they get what they want, especially by tricking other people, or things that are cleverly made for a particular purpose
- skillful in planning and ready to deceive people in order to get what you want
khôn khéo, ranh mãnh
- a cunning plan/ploy
- He’s a very cunning man.
- a cunning scheme
adjective
deceitful
/dɪˈsiːt.fəl/
dishonest or hiding the truth
lừa gạt, lừa dối
- deceitful behaviour
- He never struck me as deceitful before.
adjective
phony
/ˈfoʊ.ni/
- not sincere or not real
- represented as real but actually false; intended to deceive
không thành thực, không chân thành/ giả tạo, thảo mike
- All salespeople seem to have the same phony smile.
- He gave the police a phony address.
- They were accused of submitting phony claims to insurers, including Medicare.
adjective
trustworthy
/ˈtrʌstˌwɜːði/
- able to be trusted
- deserving of trust, or able to be trusted
đáng tin cậy
- Not even a newspaper (= No newspaper) always gives trustworthy information.
- We have a brand that is perceived as trustworthy.
- In this job we need someone who is entirely honest and trustworthy.
Synonym: reliable
verb
perceive
/pəˈsiːv/
to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something
to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious
to think of something in a particular way
to notice something or someone by using sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell
tin rằng/ nhận ra rằng, để ý rằng/ nhận thức (thực tế) rằng/ cảm thấy
- Women’s magazines are often perceived to be superficial.
- I perceived a note of unhappiness in her voice.
- Perceiving that he wasn’t happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.
- In those days, crime wasn’t even perceived as a problem.
- I perceived something moving in the shadows.
adjective
superficial
/ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/
Definition 1
- [disapproving] (of a person) never thinking about things that are serious or important (= shallow)
- not complete and involving only the most obvious things
- only on the surface of something/ on the surface only; not deep
nông cạn, non nớt/ sơ cơ, cùi bắp/ trên bề mặt
- He’s fun to be with, but he’s very superficial.
- The documentary’s treatment/analysis of the issues was very superficial.
- I only have a superficial (= slight) knowledge of French.
- superficial damage, a superficial wound
- The driver only received superficial injuries/cuts/wounds.
adjective
superficial
/ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/
Definition 2
(FALSE APPEARANCE)
1. appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely
1. appearing to be true, real or important until you look at it more carefully
nhìn qua thì tưởng giống
- There are superficial similarities between the two cars, but really they’re very different in terms of performance.
- The movie bears a fairly superficial resemblance to the original novel.
- superficial differences/similarities
noun
resemblance
/rɪˈzem.bləns/
the fact that two people or things look like each other or are similar in some other way
sự giống nhau
- There was a clear family resemblance between all the brothers.
- These prices bear no resemblance to (= are completely different from) the ones I saw printed in the newspaper.
- the resemblance between the breeds is superficial.
adjective
trusty
/ˈtrʌs.ti/
- able to be trusted, especially because of having been owned and used for a long time
- deserving confidence; reliable
đáng tin cậy
- I did the entire three hundred miles on my own - just me and my trusty bike.
- So far, our trusty old car has gone 150,000 miles.
verb
presume
/prɪˈzjuːm/
Definition 1
to believe something to be true because it is very likely, although you are not certain
tin rằng, đoán là, cho rằng (điều gì đó là đúng)
- [ + (that) ] I presume (that) they’re not coming, since they haven’t replied to the invitation.
- [ + speech ] You are Dr Smith, I presume?
- “Are we walking to the hotel?” “I presume not/so.”
- [ + obj + adj ] The boat’s captain is missing, presumed dead (= it is believed that he is dead).
- In British law, you are presumed innocent until you are proved guilty.
- [ + obj + to infinitive ] The universe is presumed to contain many other planets with some form of life.
verb
presume
/prɪˈzjuːm/
Definition 2
to do something although you know that you do not have a right to do it
dám, liều, mạo muội, lạm dụng
- [ + to infinitive ] I wouldn’t presume to tell you how to do your job, but shouldn’t this piece go there? (vốn lẽ không được)
- I don’t wish to presume (= make a suggestion although I have no right to), but don’t you think you should apologize to her?
- May I presume to advise you?
- He presumes on her good nature (= takes unfair advantage of it).
adjective
presumable
/prɪˈzjuː.mə.bəl/
able to be presumed (= believed likely to be true)
rất có vẻ là đúng, rất có vẻ là chắc chắn
- The presumeable result is a defeat.
- Government regulations prohibited the merger from taking place due to presumable violations of anti-trust laws.
- It is presumable that important changes are already underway.
adverb
presumably
/prɪˈzjuː.mə.bli/
used to say what you think is the likely situation
(phỏng đoán) rất có vẻ, rất có khả năng
- They can presumably afford to buy a bigger apartment.
- Presumably he just forgot to send the letter.
adjective
cynical
/ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/
(disapproving)
* believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere
* (about something) not believing that something good will happen or that something is important
hoài nghi, ngờ hoặc/ nghi ngờ (về điều gì tốt đẹp hay quan trọng)
- She has a pretty cynical view of men.
- I’ve always been deeply cynical about politicians.
- I’m a bit cynical about the benefits of the plan.
- Her experiences with men have made her thoroughly cynical about love.
- I’m a little cynical about her motives.
adjective
fascinated
/ˈfæs.ən.eɪ.tɪd/
extremely interested
cuốn hút
- We watched fascinated as he cleaned and repaired the watch.
- I was fascinated to hear about his travels in Japan.
- They were absolutely fascinated by the game.
verb
fascinate
/ˈfæs.ən.eɪt/
to interest someone a lot
khiến ai đó thích thú, hấp dẫn ai đó
- Science has always fascinated me.
- Anything to do with planes and flying fascinates him.
Synonym: captivate
verb
captivate
/ˈkæp.tɪ.veɪt/
to hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, pleasant, or attractive
làm siêu lòng, làm say mê
With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.
He was captivated by her appeareance and manners. (Vẻ đẹp và nhân cách của nàng đã khiến cho trái tim hắn phải tan chảy)
Synonym: fascinate
adjective
indecent
/ɪnˈdiː.sənt/
- morally offensive, especially in a sexual way
- not suitable or correct for a situation:
khiếm nhã, vô liêm sỉ, đê tiện
- an indecent act/photograph
- She accused him of making indecent suggestions to her.
adjective
prosthetic
/prɒsˈθet.ɪk/
relating to an artificial body part, such as an arm, foot, or tooth, that replaces a missing part
(bộ phận cơ thể) nhân tạo
- a prosthetic hand
- People have learned to ski, kayak, and run marathons with their prosthetic limbs.
your own flesh and blood
người thân máu mủ ruột thịt
noun
haste
/heɪst/
disapproving
(too much) speed/ great speed
sự vội vã, sự nhanh chóng
- Unfortunately the report was prepared in haste and contained several inaccuracies.
- [ + to infinitive ] In her haste to get up from the table, she knocked over a cup.
- His father had just died and he didn’t want to marry with indecent haste.
- In spite of all their haste, they didn’t have time to finish.
- Officials (quan chức) acted in haste (= too quickly), without understanding the situation.
phrase
A generation gap
khoảng cách thế hệ
Phrase
A disparity in
sự khác biệt
