Random words to learn (6) Flashcards
1
Q
noun
attainment
/əˈteɪnmənt/
A
- something that you achieved
- success in achieving something
thành tựu
- a young woman of impressive educational attainments
- The attainment of his ambitions was still a dream.
- attainment targets (= for example in education)
- Bonus payments encourage the attainment of higher production targets.
- schools with high levels of academic attainment
2
Q
noun
ideology
/ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi/
A
- a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on
- a set of beliefs, especially one held by a particular group, that influences the way people behave
hệ tư tưởng
- Marxist/capitalist ideology
- the ideology of gender roles
- alternative ideologies
3
Q
verb
pervade
/pəˈveɪd/
A
to spread through and be easy to notice in every part of something
toả khắp, lan tràn
- a pervading mood of fear
- the sadness that pervades most of her novels
- The entire house was pervaded by a sour smell.
4
Q
noun
orientation
/ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃn/
A
- a person’s basic beliefs or feelings about a particular subject
- the type of aims or interests that a person or an organization has; the act of directing your aims towards a particular thing
- training or information that you are given before starting a new job, course, etc.
- the direction in which an object faces
hướng, xu hướng
- religious/political orientation
- orientation to/towards something Companies have been forced into a greater orientation to the market.
- an orientation session/program/course
- The orientation of the planet’s orbit is changing continuously.
5
Q
adjective
indicative
/ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/
A
- (formal) showing or suggesting something
- stating a fact
thể hiện rằng, chỉ ra rằng, etc.
Their failure to act is indicative of their lack of interest.
The rise in unemployment is seen as indicative of a new economic recession.
6
Q
robust
/rəʊˈbʌst/
A
- strong and healthy
- strong; able to survive being used a lot and not likely to break
- (of a system or an organization) strong and not likely to fail or become weak
- strong and determined; showing that you are sure about what you are doing or saying
mạnh mẽ, khoẻ mạnh/ cứng cáp/ cứng rắn/ chắc chắn, vững vàng
- She was almost 90, but still very robust.
- He seems to be in robust (good) health.
- a robust piece of equipment
- robust economic growth
- The company is taking a more robust approach to management.
7
Q
noun
extent
/ɪkˈstent/
A
- how large, important, serious, etc. something is
- the physical size of an area
mức độ/ kích thước
- It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage.
- She was exaggerating the true extent of the problem.
- They have launched an investigation to determine the extent of police misconduct in this case.
- You can’t see the full extent of the beach from here.
- in extent The island is 300 square kilometres in extent.
8
Q
adjective
affluent
/ˈæfluənt/
A
(formal)
having a lot of money and a good standard of living
giàu có, mức sống tốt
- affluent Western countries
- a very affluent neighbourhood
9
Q
adjective
scant
/skænt/
A
hardly any; not very much and not as much as there should be
rất ít, không đáng kể
- I paid scant attention to what she was saying.
- The firefighters went back into the house with scant regard for their own safety.
- There is scant evidence for this view.
10
Q
verb
converge
/kənˈvɜːdʒ/
A
- converge (on…) (of people or vehicles) to move towards a place from different directions and meet
- (of two or more lines, paths, etc.) to move towards each other and meet at a point
- if ideas, policies, aims, etc. converge, they become very similar or the same
gặp nhau, giao nhau/ hội tụ/ cùng quan điểm
- Thousands of supporters converged on London for the rally.
- There was a signpost where the two paths converged.
- The aims of the two developments can and should converge.
Antonym: diverge
11
Q
verb
diverge
/daɪˈvɜːdʒ/
A
- to separate and go in different directions
- diverge (from something) (formal) (of opinions, views, etc.) to be different
- diverge from something to be or become different from what is expected, planned, etc.
rẽ theo hướng khác nhau /khác biệt
- The parallel lines appear to diverge.
- We went through school and college together, but then our paths diverged.
- The coastal road diverges from the freeway just north of Santa Monica.
- Opinions diverge greatly on this issue.
- This country’s interests diverge considerably from those of other countries.
- to diverge from the norm
- He diverged from established procedure.
12
Q
noun
constraint
/kənˈstreɪnt/
A
- a thing that limits something, or limits your freedom to do something (= restriction)
- strict control over the way that you behave or are allowed to behave
điều ép buộc/ sự ép buộc, sự gò bó
- constraints of time/money/space
- financial/economic/legal/political constraints
- constraint on something This decision will impose serious constraints on all schools.
- At last we could relax and talk without constraint.
13
Q
verb
constrain
/kənˈstreɪn/
A
- to force somebody to do something or behave in a particular way
- to limit somebody/something
ép, cưỡng ép/ giới hạn
- be/feel constrained to do something The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it.
- The company said that it was constrained to raise prices.
- be constrained (by something) Research has been constrained by a lack of funds.
- Men and women are becoming less constrained by stereotyped roles.
- constrain something There are a number of factors that constrain agricultural development.
- be/feel constrained from doing something She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job.
14
Q
noun
merit
/ˈmerɪt/
A
- the quality of being good and of deserving praise or reward
- a good feature that deserves praise or reward
- a special mark or award given as a reward for good behaviour at school
công lao, giá trị
- a work of outstanding artistic merit
- without merit The plan is entirely without merit.
- on merit I want to get the job on merit.
- We will consider each case on its (own) merits (= without considering any other issues, feelings, etc.).
- They weighed up the relative merits of the four candidates.
- Other schools already have merit systems in place that reward good behaviour and attitudes.
15
Q
adverb
initially
/ɪˈnɪʃəli/
A
at the beginning
- Initially, the system worked well.
- More people had been infected than was initially thought.
- He was initially reluctant to join the project.
- The scientific work will be conducted, at least initially, at our laboratories.
16
Q
noun
norm
/nɔːm/
A
- (often the norm) a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected
- norms [plural] standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society
- a required or agreed standard, amount, etc.
chuẩn mực, tiêu chuẩn, etc.
- The new design is a departure from the norm.
- Older parents seem to be the norm rather than the exception nowadays.
- social/cultural norms
- She considered people to be products of the values and norms of the society they lived in.
- accepted norms of behaviour
- detailed education norms for children of particular ages
- The government claims that background radioactivity is well below international norms.
17
Q
adjective
latter
/ˈlætə(r)/
A
- used to refer to the second of two things or people mentioned
- nearer to the end of a period of time than the beginning
- recent
cái sau đó/ cuối cùng/ gần đây
- He chose the latter option.
- The latter point is the most important.
- the latter half of the year
- during the latter stages of the tournament
- In latter years, the population has grown a lot here.
18
Q
adjective
distinctive
/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
A
having a quality or characteristic that makes something different and easily noticed
nổi bật, toát lên (với cá tính gì đó)
- clothes with a distinctive style
- The male bird has distinctive white markings on its head.
19
Q
noun
veteran
/ˈvetərən/
A
- a person who has a lot of experience in a particular area or activity
- a person who has been a soldier, sailor, etc. in a war
người giàu kinh nghiệm, tay to/ cựu chiến binh
- the veteran American actor, Clint Eastwood
- war veterans
- a veteran of the Spanish Civil War
20
Q
verb
arise
/əˈraɪz/
A
- (especially of a problem or a difficult situation) to happen; to start to exist (= occur)
- arise (out of/from something) (rather formal) to happen as a result of a particular situation
- to begin to exist or develop
xuất hiện, mọc lên, nảy sinh, phát triển
- An opportunity arose to work in the United States.
- Questions naturally arose as to who was responsible.
- A serious problem can arise if the heart stops pumping effectively.
- Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting?
- Several new industries arose in the town.
21
Q
verb
excerpt
/ekˈsɜːpt/
A
excerpt something (from something) to take a short piece of writing, music, film, etc. from a longer whole
trích đoạn
The document was excerpted from an unidentified FBI file.
22
Q
adjective
discriminatory
/dɪˈskrɪmɪnətəri/
A
unfair; treating somebody or one group of people worse than others
bất công, mang tính phân biệt đối xử
- discriminatory practices/rules/measures
- sexually/racially discriminatory laws
