Financial and Economic vocabulary

Question 1

verb

plunge

/plʌndʒ/

Answer 1

to become lower in value or level very suddenly and quickly

suy giảm mạnh

• The fall in demand caused share prices to plunge.
• Our income has plunged dramatically.

Question 2

noun

plunge

/plʌndʒ/

Answer 2

a sudden and large fall in value or level

sự sụt giảm mạnh

They anticipated there will be a plunge in profits this year.

Question 3

verb

lessen

/ˈles.ən/

Answer 3

• If something lessens or is lessened, it becomes less strong
• to become or make something smaller in amount or degree

giảm, làm giảm

• A healthy diet can lessen the risk of heart disease.
• Keeping your weight down can lessen the risk of heart disease.
• Corporate executives are keen to embrace “green technology” in order to lessen their dependence on fossil fuels.
• Increasing security procedures is the only way to lessen the risks of air travel.
• lessen the impact/importance/influence (of sth) Experts argue that a carbon tax would lessen the influence of special-interest groups in the climate change debate.

Question 4

verb

dwindle

/ˈdwɪn.dəl/

Answer 4

to become smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number

giảm

• The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last two years.
• Her hopes of success in the race dwindled last night as the weather became worse.
• dwindle from sth to sth The municipality’s population has dwindled from 40,000 to 24,000.
• dwindling funds/resources/stocks
• Companies are having recruitment difficulties as they battle it out for a dwindling number of skilled staff.
• Analysis of the data shows their proportions dwindling steadily.
• However, the population dwindled and, in 1952, the quota was reduced.

Question 5

phrasal verb

bring something down

bring | brought | brought

Answer 5

• to reduce the level of something
• to cause something to come down to the ground

• They’ve really brought down the price of DVD players.
• During the war he had brought down countless enemy planes.
• Several trees were brought down by the storm.

Question 6

phrasal verb

bring someone down

bring | brought | brought

Answer 6

• to cause someone in a position of power to lose their job
• to cause someone to fall down by pushing or kicking the person when they are moving

hạ bệ/ đẩy

• This scandal could bring down the country’s government.
• Suarez was awarded a penalty when Olsson brought him down.

Question 7

verb

decline

/dɪˈklaɪn/

Answer 7

• to gradually become less, worse, or lower
• to refuse

giảm, tệ hơn/ từ chối

• His interest in the project declined after his wife died.
• The party’s popularity has declined in the opinion polls.
• The land declines sharply away from the house.
• I invited him to the meeting but he declined.
• He declined my offer.
• [ + to infinitive ] They declined to tell me how they had obtained my address.

Question 8

verb

contract

/kənˈtrækt/

Answer 8

• to make or become shorter or narrower or generally smaller in size
• to become smaller in amount or quantity

giảm/ làm (cái gì) giảm

• In spoken English, “do not” often contracts to “don’t”.
• As it cooled, the metal contracted.
• A recession is a period when the economy is contracting.
• Agricultural output has contracted by 2.3 percent.

Question 9

phrasal verb

come down

Definition 1

Answer 9

• to fall and land on the ground
• If a price or a level comes down, it becomes lower
• to feel less excited after a very enjoyable experience

giảm

• A lot of trees came down in the storm.
• Our plane came down in a field.
• The snow came down during the night.
• House prices have come down recently.
• Inflation is coming down.
• The whole weekend was so wonderful I haven’t come down yet.

Question 10

phrasal verb

come down

Definition 2

Answer 10

to decide that you support a particular person or side in an argument, etc.

đứng về phía

The government has come down on the side of military action.

Question 11

adjective

steep

/stiːp/

Answer 11

• (of a slope, hill, etc.) rising or falling quickly, not gradually
• [usually before noun] (of a rise or fall in an amount) sudden and very big (= sharp)
• (informal) (of a price or demand) too much; unreasonable (= expensive)

dốc đứng/ (tăng/ giảm) sâu, mạnh/ đắt

• a steep hill/slope
• a steep climb/descent/drop
• a steep flight of stairs
• a steep decline in the birth rate
• a steep rise in unemployment
• Setting up a new business is risky and involves a steep learning curve.
• £4 for a cup of coffee seems a little steep to me.
• He wants to move in here with us? That’s a bit steep!