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Human Biology Year 11 > Topic Test T1 Wk 6 (cells) > Flashcards

Topic Test T1 Wk 6 (cells) Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Allows salutes to move between the cell and the external environment

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Storage centre of cells DNA and manages cell functions

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Surrounds the organelles contains nutrients

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4
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

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5
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Moves proteins within the cell, covered in ribosomes

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6
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Moves lipids around the cell, not covered in ribosomes

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7
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Received proteins from rER, and distributes them to other organelles around the cell

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Converts food into ATP (energy)

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9
Q

Lysosomes

A

Breaks down food particles, or worn out cells organelles

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10
Q

Vacuole

A

Temporary storage of water, oils and nutrients

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11
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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12
Q

Epithelial

A
  • Forms the outer parts of skin
  • lines hollow organs and ducts
  • eg small intestine lining
  • eg cuboidal cells
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13
Q

Connective

A
  • provides support for the body
  • helps to hold all body parts together
  • cells are not close together
  • separated by matrix
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14
Q

Muscular

A
  • responds to stimuli, contracting or lengthening

- 3 types- skeletal, cardiac and involuntary

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15
Q

Nervous

A
  • made of nerve cells (neurons)
  • long projections
  • send messages around body
  • found in brain/spinal cord
  • e.g neuron types - unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
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16
Q

Cell Respiration Equation (word)

A

Glucose + Oxygen = Water + Carbon Dioxide

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17
Q

Cell Respiration Equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2

18
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

Voluntary and striated

19
Q

Cardiac

A

Involuntary and striated

20
Q

Involuntary

A

Smooth and non striated

21
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

22
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment

23
Q

Diffusion

A

Spreading out of particles so that they are evenly distributed

24
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

The different in concentration that brings about diffusion

25
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that catalyse specific chemical reactions without themselves being altered

26
Q

Activation Energy

A

energy needed to start a chemical reaction, enzymes function by lowering activation energy

27
Q

Co-Factors

A

Alter the shape of active site so enzymes can combine with other substrates

28
Q

Lock and Key Model

A
  • substrate attaches to the active site of enzymes

- chemical bonds weaken resulting in two or more new products

29
Q

Catabolism

A
  • Where complex substances are broken down into simpler ones
  • releases energy
  • eg cellular respiration
30
Q

Anabolism

A
  • Construct complex substances from simpler ones
  • uses energy
  • protein synthesis
31
Q

Functions of membranes

A
  • Regulate molecules that can enter and leave the cell
  • active environment for chemical reactions
  • receive messages on receptors
  • cellular communication
32
Q

Phospholipid

A

Membrane is made up of phospholipids and they create and phospholipid bilayer

33
Q

Active Transport

A

The use of energy to move substances across a cell membrane

34
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

Model of cell membrane structure, proteins and phospholipid can move freely within the layer.

35
Q

Protein Channels

A
  • Proteins act as doors in the membrane

- channels to move specific molecules through cell membrane

36
Q

Glycolysis

A 
Breaks down one molecule of glucose to produce two molecules of pyruvate
Yields 2 molecules of atp
Takes place in cytoplasm 
Requires no oxygen 
Anaerobic process
37
Q

Passive Transport

A

a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.

38
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Amino acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Oxygen

39
Q

Semi Permeable Membrane

A

Cell membrane controls what goes in and out

40
Q

Functions of cell membrane

A

Physical barrier
Regulation of the passage of materials
Sensitivity
Support

Human Biology Year 11 (4 decks)

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