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Human Biology Year 11 > Topic Test T1 Wk 11 (respiratory & ciruclatory systems) > Flashcards

Topic Test T1 Wk 11 (respiratory & ciruclatory systems) Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Blood in Circulatory System

A
  • transport oxygen and nutrients to cells
  • transport carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
  • protecting against disease
  • maintaining ph of body fluids
  • clotting when vessels are damaged
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2
Q

Components of Blood

A

Red Blood Cells- Erythrocytes
White Blood Cells- Leucocytes
Plasma
Platelets

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3
Q

Respiratory System Structure

A 
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi 
Bronchioles 
Diaphragm 
Intercostal muscles 
Ribs
Alveoli
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4
Q

Movement of breathing in and out of lungs is…

A

Ventilation (breathing)

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5
Q

Inspiration

A
  • process of taking air into the lungs
  • pressure of lungs is less than the atmosphere pressure
  • diaphragm contracts
  • external intercostal muscles contract extending the rib cage up and outwards
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6
Q

Expiration

A
  • process of breathing out of lungs
  • pressure of lungs is higher than atmosphere pressure
  • diaphragm relaxes
  • internal intercostal muscles contract moving rib cage down and in wards
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7
Q

Gas Exchange

A
  • blood receive O2 from air and allow CO2 to leave body

- Blood with CO2 diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

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8
Q

Alveoli allow efficient gas exchange ?

A
  • have large SA
  • have capillaries nearby
  • one cell thick
  • deep in body
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9
Q

Structure of Heart

A 
Superior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle 
Inferior Vena Cava
Aorta
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium
Pulmonary Veins
Pulmonary Artery
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10
Q

What is a double pump?

A

Right side pumps to lungs

Left side pumps to body

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11
Q

Arteries

A

Carry Blood away from heart
Smooth muscles and elastic fibres
Have no valves
Have blood pressure that increases as ventricles contract and vice versa

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12
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood towards heart
Have low blood pressure
Have thin, inelastic walls
Have valves to prevent back flow

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13
Q

Arterioles

A

Small arteries
Supply blood to capillaries
Smooth muscle walls

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14
Q

Capillaries

A

Carry blood between cells
Once cell thick
Involved in gaseous exchange

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15
Q

Lymphatic System

A 
Consists of organs, ducts and nodes 
Transport lymph (watery fluid)
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16
Q

Lymph

A

Collects and returns interstitial fluid
Defends body from disease by transporting lymphocytes
Absorb lipids from the intestine and transport them to the blood

17
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Located along lymph vessels
Filters lymph fluid
Contains lymphocytes to help fight infections
Found in clumps

18
Q

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

A 
Transport gases
Biconcave discs
No nucleus
120 life span 
Contain haemoglobin
19
Q

Leucocytes (white blood cells)

A

Protect body against invasive organisms and tumour cells

20
Q

Thrombocytes (platelets)

A

Used in clotting

21
Q

White blood cell types

A

Neutrophil
Basophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte

22
Q

Blood Features

A 
380 degrees Celsius 
pH 7.35-7.45
Salinity 0.9%
Total Body Weight- 8%
Volume 4-6L
23
Q

Blood Group A

A

Antigen A

Anti-B

24
Q

Blood Group B

A

Antigen B

Anti- A

25
Q

Blood Group AB

A

Antigen A and Antigen B

No Antibody

26
Q

Blood Group O

A

No antigens

Both anti-a and anti-b

27
Q

Rh blood groups

A

Based on the antigen found on the surface of red blood cells
A person with Rh antigen is called Rh positive
A person without the Rh antigen is called Rh negative
Only negative can produce anti body Rh

28
Q

Red cell Concentrates

A

Blood is put through centrifuge so heavy cells sink and plasma stays on top

29
Q

Whole Blood

A

Blood from a donor with a chemical added to prevent clotting

30
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid part of blood, for severe bleeding, liver disease or help with clotting

31
Q

Platelet Concentrates

A

For those with reduced levels

32
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

Freeze plasma then thaw it slowly so it remains solid and contains substances for clotting

33
Q

Immunoglobins

A

Antibody proteins used for people with reduced antibody levels for particular diseases

34
Q

Autologous Transfusion

A

Your own blood prior to an operation

35
Q

Signs of inflammation

A

Heat, Pain, Redness and Swelling

36
Q

Inflammatory Response

A

Dilation of blood vessels in the affected area

Increased permeability of the capillaries, allowing plasma to leak into surrounding tissue

37
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Phagocytes are attracted to the affected area

38
Q

Blood Clotting

A
  1. Damage to blood vessels
  2. Vasoconstriction to reduce blood flow
  3. Thrombocytes attach to wound
  4. Clotting commences, formation of fibrinogen
  5. Clot retraction to form scab
  6. Clot breakdown

Human Biology Year 11 (4 decks)

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