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AQA GCSE Physics (combined) > Topic P4 - Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Topic P4 - Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Plum pudding model

A

Sphere of positive charge with negative electrons stuck in it

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2
Q

Nuclear model

A

Positively charged nucleus surrounded by cloud of negative electrons

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3
Q

Bohr model

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus at certain distances

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4
Q

Alpha scattering experiment results…

A

Most of mass of an atom is concentrated at the centre (nucleus)

Nucleus is positively charged

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5
Q

Isotopes

A

Same no. Protons different number of neutrons

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6
Q

Radioactive decay

A

When an unstable nucleus decays into another element and gives out radiation to become more stable

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7
Q

Alpha consists of…

A

2 protons 2 neutrons (helium nucleus)

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8
Q

Beta consists of …

A

Fast moving electron from nucleus

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9
Q

Gamma consists of…

A

Electromagnetic radiation from nucleus

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10
Q

Alpha beta gamma absorbed by?

A

Alpha- sheet of paper
Beta- sheet of aluminium
Gamma- thick sheets of lead

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11
Q

Alpha beta gamma range in air

A

Alpha- few cms
Beta - few ms
Gamma- longer distances

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12
Q

Alpha beta gamma ionising power

A

Alpha strong
Beta moderate
Gamma weak

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13
Q

Alpha radiation uses

A

Smoke detectors

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14
Q

Beta radiation uses

A

Material thickness testing

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15
Q

Gamma radiation uses

A

Medical tracers

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16
Q

Activity?

A

The rate at which a source decays, meausered in becqherels

17
Q

Count rate

A

Number of radiation counts reaching a detector per second

18
Q

Radioactive contamination

A

Getting unwanted radioactive atoms Ono or into an object

19
Q

Irradiation

A

The exposure of an object to nuclear radiation (doesn’t make it radioactive tho)

20
Q

3 precautions to take against radiation

A

Keep sources in lead lined boxes

Stand behind barriers

Handle sources with remote controlled arms

21
Q

Half life

A

Time taken for the number of nuclei of an isotope in a sample to halve

22
Q

What’s the most dangerous type inside the body

A

Alpha

23
Q

What’s the most dangerous type outside the body?

A

Gamma

AQA GCSE Physics (combined) (7 decks)

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