Topic P1 - Energy Flashcards
What are the 8 types of energy store?
Kinetic
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Electrostatic
Thermal
Magnetic
Chemical
Nucleur
Name the 4 types of energy transfer
Mechanical
Electrical
Heating
Radiation
What is a system
A single object or group of objects
Equation got kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy = 1/2 mass x speed^2
Equation for gravitational potential energy?
GPE= mass x gfs x height
What is conservation of energy?
Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or displaced but not created or destroyed
What is specific heat capacity
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
What’s a closed system?
No energy (or matter) is transferred in or out of the system, so there’s no overall change in total energy
Efficiency equation for energy transfer?
Useful output energy
transfer
Efficiency = ————————————
Total input energy transfer
What is conduction?
The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
Hot -> cold
What is convection?
Where energetic particles move from hotter to cooler regions
What do lubrication and thermal insulation do?
Increase the efficiency of useful energy transfers
Name 2 ways to decrease how quickly a building cools?
Increasing the thickness of the walls
Make walls out of material with lower thermal conductivity
Name 3 fossil fuels
Coal
Oil
(Natural) gas
Describe how nucleur power works
Nucleur fuel undergoes fission in nucleur reactors generating electricity
Name 2 risks with nuclear power
Nuclear waste is difficult and dangerous to dispose of
Carries the risk of a major catastrophe
Describe how geothermal power works?
Energy from thermal energy stores of underground hot rocks are used to generate electricity
How does hydro-electric power work?
Big dams built in valley fill up with water
Water allowed out through turbines, generating electricity
What is good about hydro-electric power?
Produce no pollution when in uses
Reliable (except in times of drought)
Negative about hydro-electric power
Rotting plants (from flooding the valley) release methan and co2 contributing to global warming
How does wave power work?
Waves move up and down
Air forces through turbines
Electricity generated
Negatives about wave power
Disturb habitats of sea animals
Spoil the view
Un reliable- waves depend of wind
How do tidal barrages work?
Tide comes in
Water builds behind dam
WTer allowed out through turbines
Electricity generated
What are biofuels
Made from plant products or animal drug
Bio-fuels are burned to generate electricity
Negative about bio-fuels
In some regions, large areas of forest are destroyed to grow bio-fuels so species lose their habitat
Describe the energy use from 1900-2000
It increased as the population grew and people began to use electrify more
Trends in energy use from 2000 onwards
Decreasing as appliances are more efficient and people are careful with amount of energy use
