Topic P1 - Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 types of energy store?

A

Kinetic
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Electrostatic
Thermal
Magnetic
Chemical
Nucleur

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2
Q

Name the 4 types of energy transfer

A

Mechanical
Electrical
Heating
Radiation

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3
Q

What is a system

A

A single object or group of objects

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4
Q

Equation got kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 mass x speed^2

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5
Q

Equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

GPE= mass x gfs x height

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6
Q

What is conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or displaced but not created or destroyed

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7
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C

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8
Q

What’s a closed system?

A

No energy (or matter) is transferred in or out of the system, so there’s no overall change in total energy

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9
Q

Efficiency equation for energy transfer?

A

Useful output energy
transfer
Efficiency = ————————————
Total input energy transfer

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10
Q

What is conduction?

A

The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles

Hot -> cold

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11
Q

What is convection?

A

Where energetic particles move from hotter to cooler regions

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12
Q

What do lubrication and thermal insulation do?

A

Increase the efficiency of useful energy transfers

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13
Q

Name 2 ways to decrease how quickly a building cools?

A

Increasing the thickness of the walls

Make walls out of material with lower thermal conductivity

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14
Q

Name 3 fossil fuels

A

Coal
Oil
(Natural) gas

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15
Q

Describe how nucleur power works

A

Nucleur fuel undergoes fission in nucleur reactors generating electricity

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16
Q

Name 2 risks with nuclear power

A

Nuclear waste is difficult and dangerous to dispose of

Carries the risk of a major catastrophe

17
Q

Describe how geothermal power works?

A

Energy from thermal energy stores of underground hot rocks are used to generate electricity

18
Q

How does hydro-electric power work?

A

Big dams built in valley fill up with water

Water allowed out through turbines, generating electricity

19
Q

What is good about hydro-electric power?

A

Produce no pollution when in uses

Reliable (except in times of drought)

20
Q

Negative about hydro-electric power

A

Rotting plants (from flooding the valley) release methan and co2 contributing to global warming

21
Q

How does wave power work?

A

Waves move up and down

Air forces through turbines

Electricity generated

22
Q

Negatives about wave power

A

Disturb habitats of sea animals

Spoil the view

Un reliable- waves depend of wind

23
Q

How do tidal barrages work?

A

Tide comes in

Water builds behind dam

WTer allowed out through turbines

Electricity generated

24
Q

What are biofuels

A

Made from plant products or animal drug

Bio-fuels are burned to generate electricity

25
Q

Negative about bio-fuels

A

In some regions, large areas of forest are destroyed to grow bio-fuels so species lose their habitat

26
Q

Describe the energy use from 1900-2000

A

It increased as the population grew and people began to use electrify more

27
Q

Trends in energy use from 2000 onwards

A

Decreasing as appliances are more efficient and people are careful with amount of energy use