Topic one.

Question 0

What plant cells have that animal cells don’t.

Answer 0

Rigid cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 1

Animals and plant cells.

What they have in common.

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria

Question 2

Nucleus.

Answer 2

Contains DNA that controls what the cell does.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.

Question 4

Cell membrane.

Answer 4

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 5

Mitochondria.

Answer 5

Where most of the reactions for respiration take place.

Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work.

Question 6

Rigid cell wall.

Answer 6

Made of cellulose, gives support to the cell.

Question 7

Large vacuole.

Answer 7

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 8

Chloroplasts.

Answer 8

Where photosynthesis occurs.

They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.

Question 9

Do bacterial cells have a nucleus?

Answer 9

No.

Question 10

What 4 features does a bacterial cell have?

Answer 10

Chromosomal DNA.
Plasmids.
Flagellum.
Cell wall.

Question 11

Chromosomal DNA.

Answer 11

Controls the cells activities and replication.

It floats fee in the cytoplasm.

Question 12

Plasmid.

Answer 12

Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome.

Contain genes like for things like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.

Question 13

Flagellum.

Answer 13

A long, hairlike structure that rotates to make the bacteria move.

Question 14

Microscopes.

Answer 14

Let us see things we can’t see using the naked eye.

Question 15

When were light microscopes invented and what did they let us see?

Answer 15

1590s.

Nuclei, chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Question 16

When were electron microscopes invented and what did they let us see?

Answer 16

1930s
Smaller things in more detail like an internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts and even plasmids (much smaller).

Question 17

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 17

Magnification= length of image divided by length of specimen.

Question 18

DNA molecule.

Answer 18

Two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix.

Question 19

The structure of DNA.

Answer 19

The two strands are held together by chemical bases.

Question 20

What are the four bases.

Answer 20

A- adenine.
C- cytosine.
G- guanine.
T- thymine.

Question 21

Base pairings.

Answer 21

A-T

C-G

Question 22

What holds the base pairs together?

Answer 22

Weak hydrogen bonds.

On a sugar phosphate background.

Question 23

What is a gene?

Answer 23

Is a section of DNA, and a sequence of bases in a gene code for a specific protein.

Question 24

Franklin and Wilkins.

Answer 24

Worked out that DNA had a helical structure by directing beams of X-rays onto crystallised DNA and looking at the patterns the x rays formed as they bounced off.

Question 25

Watson and Crick.

Answer 25

Used the ideas, along with the knowledge that the amount of A and G matched the amount of T and C to make a model of the DNA molecule where all the pieces fitted together.

Question 26

DNA expirement

Answer 26

Explain

Question 27

PS- What do cells make?

Answer 27

Proteins by stringing amino acids together in a particular order.

Question 28

PS- what do three bases code for?

Answer 28

For a particular amino acid.

Question 29

PS- what does TAT code for.

Answer 29

GCA.