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Pharma drugs > Topic List B > Flashcards

Topic List B Flashcards

1
Q

Agents used in dyslipidaemias

A

simavastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
fenofibrate - PPAR alpha agonist
ezetimibe - Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 blocker
colesevelam -bile acid sequestrant
niacin - lipoprotein lipase agonist
PSCK9 inhibitors - no breakdown of LDL-R

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2
Q

Antiarrhytmic agents

A 
Na+ ch - procainamide, quinidine, lidocaine, propafenone
beta-blockers - esmolol
K+ ch - sotalol, amiodarone
Ca2+ ch - verapamil, diltiazem 
other - Mg+, digoxin, adenosine
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3
Q

Potassium excreting (wasting) diuretics

A

CA inhibitor - acetazolamide
loop diuretics (triple ch) - furosmide, etacrynic acid
DCT - hydrochorothiazide, indapamide

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4
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics, ADH antagonists, osmotic diuretics

A

collecting tubule - spironolactone, eplerenone, amiloride, triamterene
osmotic - glycerin, mannitol
ADH antagonist - tolvaptan

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5
Q

Histamine and antihistamines

A

1st gen - promethazine, diphenhydramine

2nd gen - fexofenadine, dimetinden, cetirizine, loratadine

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6
Q

Angina pectoris

A

nitroglicerin, isosorbid-mononitrate - activate guanyl cyclase
trimetazidine - inhibit beta-oxidation and increase glucose utilization
ivabradin - inhibit If
Ca2+ ch - verapamil, nifidipine
beta-blockers - propanol, pindalol

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7
Q

Ca2+ ch blockers + vasodilators

A

Ca2+ ch -amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil
bozentan - endothelin receptor antagonist (A/B)
hydralazine - direct smooth muscle relaxant, inhibit Ca2+ release
sidenafil - PDE5 inhibitor

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8
Q

The RAAS system

A

renin inhibitor - aliskiren
ACEI - captopril, ramipril, perindopril, enalapril
ARBs - losartan, valsartan, irbesartan
valsartan+sacubitril - inhibit breakdown of ANP/BNP

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9
Q

Positive inotropic agents

A

digitoxin, digoxin - NA/K blockers
milrinone - PDE3i
dobutamine - beta1 agonist
levosimendan - increase Ca sensitivity

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10
Q

Cholinomimetics

A

pilocarpine - eyedrops, M3
carbachol - eyedrops, M3
neostigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, reverse neuromuscular blockers
rivastigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, BBB
pyridostigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase
edrophonium - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, shortest

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11
Q

Muscarinic receptor blocking drugs

A 
atropine - all M
oxybutynin - urinary incontinence, M3
solifenacin - overactive bladder, M3
ipratropium - SAMA
tiotropium - LAMA
scopolamine - BBB, motion sickness
butylacopolamine - tx pain of abdominal and mestrual cramps and prevent cramps
procyclidine - brain, for parkinsonism 
cyclopentolate - eyedrops, dilation
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12
Q

Catecholamines

A 
E - b>a
NE - a>b1
dobutamine - b1>b2
dopamine - low D1, medium b1, high a1
isoprenaline - b1=b2
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13
Q

Indirect sympathomimetics

A

phenylephrine - indirect a1 and a2
oxymetazoline - direct a1 and a2, topical decongestant
clonidine - a2 and I1, for hypertension and ADHD
methyldopa - a2
ephedrine - a1
rilmenidine - imidazole receptor I1 which inhibit symp nervous systems

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14
Q

Alpha - receptor antagonists

A 
prazosin - a1
doxazosin - a1
tamsulozin - a1a
urapidil - non selective, no reflex tachycardia
phentolamine - non-selective
carvedilol - a and b
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15
Q

Beta -receptor antagonists

A

propanolol - non-selective, reach brain, migraine
bisprolol - b1 selective, CHF
nebiprolol - b1 selective
timolol - non-selective, eyedrops glucoma
metoprolol- b1 selective, CHF
carvedilol - a and b blocker
esmolol - b1 selective, short, IV
sotalol - non-selective, also anti-arrhythmic
pindolol - non-selective, partial agonist

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16
Q

Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants

A

baclofen - activates GABAb, efflux K, hyperpol
diazepam - bind GABAa, influx Cl, hyperpol
tizanidine - a2
tolperisone - block voltage gated Ca2+ ch in brain
dantolene - RyR antagonist
botulinum toxin - botox, bind synaptobrevin

17
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants

A

(cis)atracurium - non-depolarizing, histamine release, isoquinoline, intermediate
rocuronium - non-depolarizing, steroid, intermediate
pipecuronium - non-depolarizing, steroid, long
mivacurium - non-depolarizing, isoquinoline, short
succynylcholine - depolarizing, 10 min

18
Q

Bronchodilators

A

salbutamol, terbutaline, fenoterol - SABA
salmeterol, formoterol - LABA
theophylline - PDEi and adenosine receptor blocker
ipratropium - SAMA
tiotropium - LAMA

19
Q

Anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorants

A

prednisolone - oral GC
methylprednisolone - IV GC
fluticasone - inhaled GC
budesonide - inhaled GC
montelukast - leukotriene receptor blocker
omalizumab - mab binding IgE
codein - directly block cough center in medulla
prenoxdiazine - numb stretch
butamirate - numb stretch receptors, mild central effect
acetylcystein - break down mucin
bromohexin - enhance movement of cilia

20
Q

Peripheral vascular disease, migraine drugs

A

vinpocetine - cerebral perfusion, block Na ch, reduce Ca influx and antioxidant
nicergoline - for dementia with vascular origins, reduce resistance and induce arterial blood flow
cilostazol - PDE3i
pentoxifyllin - non-selective PDEi
Ca-dobesilate - decrease blood viscosity and capillary permability, for chronic venous insufficiency
sumatriptan - agonist of serotonin 1b and 1d
galkanezumab - block calcitonin gene-related peptide thus block sensory nerve impulses from trigeminal
cinnarizin - antihistamine and Ca2+ ch blocker
propranolol - beta blocker
verapamil -Ca2+ ch blocker
carbamazepine - anti-convulsant, decrease AP
valproate - inhibit GABA reuptake and degredation
imipramine - tricyclic antidepressant, migraine prophylaxis, improve mood and relief of pain

21
Q

Natural opiates, opioid receptors

A

morphine

codeine

22
Q

Semisynthetic and synthetic opiates

A 
tramadol
fentanyl
loperamide
diphenoxylate
hydromorphone
methadone
dihydrocodeine 
naloxone
methyl-naltrexone
meperidine
nalbuphine
buprenorphine
23
Q

General properties of NSAIDs. Acetylsalicylic acid. Drugs used for treatment of gout.

A

acetylsalicyclic acid
colchicine
allopurinol
rasburicase

24
Q

NSAIDs, except acetylsalicylic acid. Non-opioid and adjuvant analgesics. Treatment strategy of pain.

A 
diclofenac
ibuprofen
acetaminophen/paracetamol
metamizole
naproxen
celecoxib 
(dex)ketoprofen
meloxicam
indomethacin
phenylbutazone
25
Q

Immunopharmacology I. (cytotoxic agents, retinoids). Pharmacotherapy of autoimmune diseases.

A 
methotrexate
cyclophosphamide
azathioprine
mycophenolate-mofetil
leflunomide
26
Q

Immunopharmacology II. (Inhibitors of cytokine gene expression, 5-ASA derivatives)

A 
cyclosporin A
tacrolimus
sirolimus
sulfasalazine
tofacitinib
27
Q

Immunopharmacology III. (Antibodies and fusion proteins)

A 
adalimumab
natalizumab
abatacept
infliximab
rituximab
ATG (anti-thymocyte globulin)
dupilimumab
ustekinumab
tocilizumab
28
Q

Cancer chemotherapy I (antimetabolites)

A 
6-mercaptopurine
methotrexate
5-FU
pemetrexed
capecitabine
cytarabine
29
Q

Cancer chemotherapy II (alkylating agents)

A 
cyclophosphamide
cisplatin
oxaliplatin
dactinomycin
bleomycin
dacarbazine
temozolomide
30
Q

Cancer chemotherapy III (Topisomerase inhibitors. Inhibitors of mitotic spindle)

A 
irinotecan
doxirubicin 
etoposide
vincristine
docetaxel
31
Q

Cancer chemotherapy IV. (Hormonal agents)

A 
goserlin
degarelix
anastrozole
tamoxifen
bicalutamide
octreotide
prednisolone
32
Q

Cancer chemotherapy V. (Small molecule signal transduction inhibitors)

A 
sunitinib
erlotinib
laptinib
tretinoin
bortezomib
ibrutinib
crizotinib 
imatinib
gefitinib
dabrafenib+  trametinib
everolimus
33
Q

Cancer chemotherapy VI. (Large molecule signal transduction inhibitors.

A 
trastuzumab (-emtansin)
panitumumab
bevacizumab
rituximab
pembrolizumab
INF-alpha
aldesleukin

Pharma drugs (5 decks)

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