Topic List B Flashcards
Agents used in dyslipidaemias
simavastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
fenofibrate - PPAR alpha agonist
ezetimibe - Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 blocker
colesevelam -bile acid sequestrant
niacin - lipoprotein lipase agonist
PSCK9 inhibitors - no breakdown of LDL-R
Antiarrhytmic agents
Na+ ch - procainamide, quinidine, lidocaine, propafenone beta-blockers - esmolol K+ ch - sotalol, amiodarone Ca2+ ch - verapamil, diltiazem other - Mg+, digoxin, adenosine
Potassium excreting (wasting) diuretics
CA inhibitor - acetazolamide
loop diuretics (triple ch) - furosmide, etacrynic acid
DCT - hydrochorothiazide, indapamide
Potassium sparing diuretics, ADH antagonists, osmotic diuretics
collecting tubule - spironolactone, eplerenone, amiloride, triamterene
osmotic - glycerin, mannitol
ADH antagonist - tolvaptan
Histamine and antihistamines
1st gen - promethazine, diphenhydramine
2nd gen - fexofenadine, dimetinden, cetirizine, loratadine
Angina pectoris
nitroglicerin, isosorbid-mononitrate - activate guanyl cyclase
trimetazidine - inhibit beta-oxidation and increase glucose utilization
ivabradin - inhibit If
Ca2+ ch - verapamil, nifidipine
beta-blockers - propanol, pindalol
Ca2+ ch blockers + vasodilators
Ca2+ ch -amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil
bozentan - endothelin receptor antagonist (A/B)
hydralazine - direct smooth muscle relaxant, inhibit Ca2+ release
sidenafil - PDE5 inhibitor
The RAAS system
renin inhibitor - aliskiren
ACEI - captopril, ramipril, perindopril, enalapril
ARBs - losartan, valsartan, irbesartan
valsartan+sacubitril - inhibit breakdown of ANP/BNP
Positive inotropic agents
digitoxin, digoxin - NA/K blockers
milrinone - PDE3i
dobutamine - beta1 agonist
levosimendan - increase Ca sensitivity
Cholinomimetics
pilocarpine - eyedrops, M3
carbachol - eyedrops, M3
neostigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, reverse neuromuscular blockers
rivastigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, BBB
pyridostigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase
edrophonium - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, shortest
Muscarinic receptor blocking drugs
atropine - all M oxybutynin - urinary incontinence, M3 solifenacin - overactive bladder, M3 ipratropium - SAMA tiotropium - LAMA scopolamine - BBB, motion sickness butylacopolamine - tx pain of abdominal and mestrual cramps and prevent cramps procyclidine - brain, for parkinsonism cyclopentolate - eyedrops, dilation
Catecholamines
E - b>a NE - a>b1 dobutamine - b1>b2 dopamine - low D1, medium b1, high a1 isoprenaline - b1=b2
Indirect sympathomimetics
phenylephrine - indirect a1 and a2
oxymetazoline - direct a1 and a2, topical decongestant
clonidine - a2 and I1, for hypertension and ADHD
methyldopa - a2
ephedrine - a1
rilmenidine - imidazole receptor I1 which inhibit symp nervous systems
Alpha - receptor antagonists
prazosin - a1 doxazosin - a1 tamsulozin - a1a urapidil - non selective, no reflex tachycardia phentolamine - non-selective carvedilol - a and b
Beta -receptor antagonists
propanolol - non-selective, reach brain, migraine
bisprolol - b1 selective, CHF
nebiprolol - b1 selective
timolol - non-selective, eyedrops glucoma
metoprolol- b1 selective, CHF
carvedilol - a and b blocker
esmolol - b1 selective, short, IV
sotalol - non-selective, also anti-arrhythmic
pindolol - non-selective, partial agonist
Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
baclofen - activates GABAb, efflux K, hyperpol
diazepam - bind GABAa, influx Cl, hyperpol
tizanidine - a2
tolperisone - block voltage gated Ca2+ ch in brain
dantolene - RyR antagonist
botulinum toxin - botox, bind synaptobrevin
Skeletal muscle relaxants
(cis)atracurium - non-depolarizing, histamine release, isoquinoline, intermediate
rocuronium - non-depolarizing, steroid, intermediate
pipecuronium - non-depolarizing, steroid, long
mivacurium - non-depolarizing, isoquinoline, short
succynylcholine - depolarizing, 10 min
Bronchodilators
salbutamol, terbutaline, fenoterol - SABA
salmeterol, formoterol - LABA
theophylline - PDEi and adenosine receptor blocker
ipratropium - SAMA
tiotropium - LAMA
Anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorants
prednisolone - oral GC
methylprednisolone - IV GC
fluticasone - inhaled GC
budesonide - inhaled GC
montelukast - leukotriene receptor blocker
omalizumab - mab binding IgE
codein - directly block cough center in medulla
prenoxdiazine - numb stretch
butamirate - numb stretch receptors, mild central effect
acetylcystein - break down mucin
bromohexin - enhance movement of cilia
Peripheral vascular disease, migraine drugs
vinpocetine - cerebral perfusion, block Na ch, reduce Ca influx and antioxidant
nicergoline - for dementia with vascular origins, reduce resistance and induce arterial blood flow
cilostazol - PDE3i
pentoxifyllin - non-selective PDEi
Ca-dobesilate - decrease blood viscosity and capillary permability, for chronic venous insufficiency
sumatriptan - agonist of serotonin 1b and 1d
galkanezumab - block calcitonin gene-related peptide thus block sensory nerve impulses from trigeminal
cinnarizin - antihistamine and Ca2+ ch blocker
propranolol - beta blocker
verapamil -Ca2+ ch blocker
carbamazepine - anti-convulsant, decrease AP
valproate - inhibit GABA reuptake and degredation
imipramine - tricyclic antidepressant, migraine prophylaxis, improve mood and relief of pain
Natural opiates, opioid receptors
morphine
codeine
Semisynthetic and synthetic opiates
tramadol fentanyl loperamide diphenoxylate hydromorphone methadone dihydrocodeine naloxone methyl-naltrexone meperidine nalbuphine buprenorphine
General properties of NSAIDs. Acetylsalicylic acid. Drugs used for treatment of gout.
acetylsalicyclic acid
colchicine
allopurinol
rasburicase
NSAIDs, except acetylsalicylic acid. Non-opioid and adjuvant analgesics. Treatment strategy of pain.
diclofenac ibuprofen acetaminophen/paracetamol metamizole naproxen celecoxib (dex)ketoprofen meloxicam indomethacin phenylbutazone
