Topic List B Flashcards
Agents used in dyslipidaemias
simavastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
fenofibrate - PPAR alpha agonist
ezetimibe - Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 blocker
colesevelam -bile acid sequestrant
niacin - lipoprotein lipase agonist
PSCK9 inhibitors - no breakdown of LDL-R
Antiarrhytmic agents
Na+ ch - procainamide, quinidine, lidocaine, propafenone beta-blockers - esmolol K+ ch - sotalol, amiodarone Ca2+ ch - verapamil, diltiazem other - Mg+, digoxin, adenosine
Potassium excreting (wasting) diuretics
CA inhibitor - acetazolamide
loop diuretics (triple ch) - furosmide, etacrynic acid
DCT - hydrochorothiazide, indapamide
Potassium sparing diuretics, ADH antagonists, osmotic diuretics
collecting tubule - spironolactone, eplerenone, amiloride, triamterene
osmotic - glycerin, mannitol
ADH antagonist - tolvaptan
Histamine and antihistamines
1st gen - promethazine, diphenhydramine
2nd gen - fexofenadine, dimetinden, cetirizine, loratadine
Angina pectoris
nitroglicerin, isosorbid-mononitrate - activate guanyl cyclase
trimetazidine - inhibit beta-oxidation and increase glucose utilization
ivabradin - inhibit If
Ca2+ ch - verapamil, nifidipine
beta-blockers - propanol, pindalol
Ca2+ ch blockers + vasodilators
Ca2+ ch -amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil
bozentan - endothelin receptor antagonist (A/B)
hydralazine - direct smooth muscle relaxant, inhibit Ca2+ release
sidenafil - PDE5 inhibitor
The RAAS system
renin inhibitor - aliskiren
ACEI - captopril, ramipril, perindopril, enalapril
ARBs - losartan, valsartan, irbesartan
valsartan+sacubitril - inhibit breakdown of ANP/BNP
Positive inotropic agents
digitoxin, digoxin - NA/K blockers
milrinone - PDE3i
dobutamine - beta1 agonist
levosimendan - increase Ca sensitivity
Cholinomimetics
pilocarpine - eyedrops, M3
carbachol - eyedrops, M3
neostigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, reverse neuromuscular blockers
rivastigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, BBB
pyridostigmine - inhibit acetylcholinesterase
edrophonium - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, shortest
Muscarinic receptor blocking drugs
atropine - all M oxybutynin - urinary incontinence, M3 solifenacin - overactive bladder, M3 ipratropium - SAMA tiotropium - LAMA scopolamine - BBB, motion sickness butylacopolamine - tx pain of abdominal and mestrual cramps and prevent cramps procyclidine - brain, for parkinsonism cyclopentolate - eyedrops, dilation
Catecholamines
E - b>a NE - a>b1 dobutamine - b1>b2 dopamine - low D1, medium b1, high a1 isoprenaline - b1=b2
Indirect sympathomimetics
phenylephrine - indirect a1 and a2
oxymetazoline - direct a1 and a2, topical decongestant
clonidine - a2 and I1, for hypertension and ADHD
methyldopa - a2
ephedrine - a1
rilmenidine - imidazole receptor I1 which inhibit symp nervous systems
Alpha - receptor antagonists
prazosin - a1 doxazosin - a1 tamsulozin - a1a urapidil - non selective, no reflex tachycardia phentolamine - non-selective carvedilol - a and b
Beta -receptor antagonists
propanolol - non-selective, reach brain, migraine
bisprolol - b1 selective, CHF
nebiprolol - b1 selective
timolol - non-selective, eyedrops glucoma
metoprolol- b1 selective, CHF
carvedilol - a and b blocker
esmolol - b1 selective, short, IV
sotalol - non-selective, also anti-arrhythmic
pindolol - non-selective, partial agonist
Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
baclofen - activates GABAb, efflux K, hyperpol
diazepam - bind GABAa, influx Cl, hyperpol
tizanidine - a2
tolperisone - block voltage gated Ca2+ ch in brain
dantolene - RyR antagonist
botulinum toxin - botox, bind synaptobrevin
Skeletal muscle relaxants
(cis)atracurium - non-depolarizing, histamine release, isoquinoline, intermediate
rocuronium - non-depolarizing, steroid, intermediate
pipecuronium - non-depolarizing, steroid, long
mivacurium - non-depolarizing, isoquinoline, short
succynylcholine - depolarizing, 10 min
Bronchodilators
salbutamol, terbutaline, fenoterol - SABA
salmeterol, formoterol - LABA
theophylline - PDEi and adenosine receptor blocker
ipratropium - SAMA
tiotropium - LAMA
Anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorants
prednisolone - oral GC
methylprednisolone - IV GC
fluticasone - inhaled GC
budesonide - inhaled GC
montelukast - leukotriene receptor blocker
omalizumab - mab binding IgE
codein - directly block cough center in medulla
prenoxdiazine - numb stretch
butamirate - numb stretch receptors, mild central effect
acetylcystein - break down mucin
bromohexin - enhance movement of cilia
Peripheral vascular disease, migraine drugs
vinpocetine - cerebral perfusion, block Na ch, reduce Ca influx and antioxidant
nicergoline - for dementia with vascular origins, reduce resistance and induce arterial blood flow
cilostazol - PDE3i
pentoxifyllin - non-selective PDEi
Ca-dobesilate - decrease blood viscosity and capillary permability, for chronic venous insufficiency
sumatriptan - agonist of serotonin 1b and 1d
galkanezumab - block calcitonin gene-related peptide thus block sensory nerve impulses from trigeminal
cinnarizin - antihistamine and Ca2+ ch blocker
propranolol - beta blocker
verapamil -Ca2+ ch blocker
carbamazepine - anti-convulsant, decrease AP
valproate - inhibit GABA reuptake and degredation
imipramine - tricyclic antidepressant, migraine prophylaxis, improve mood and relief of pain
Natural opiates, opioid receptors
morphine
codeine
Semisynthetic and synthetic opiates
tramadol fentanyl loperamide diphenoxylate hydromorphone methadone dihydrocodeine naloxone methyl-naltrexone meperidine nalbuphine buprenorphine
General properties of NSAIDs. Acetylsalicylic acid. Drugs used for treatment of gout.
acetylsalicyclic acid
colchicine
allopurinol
rasburicase
NSAIDs, except acetylsalicylic acid. Non-opioid and adjuvant analgesics. Treatment strategy of pain.
diclofenac ibuprofen acetaminophen/paracetamol metamizole naproxen celecoxib (dex)ketoprofen meloxicam indomethacin phenylbutazone
Immunopharmacology I. (cytotoxic agents, retinoids). Pharmacotherapy of autoimmune diseases.
methotrexate cyclophosphamide azathioprine mycophenolate-mofetil leflunomide
Immunopharmacology II. (Inhibitors of cytokine gene expression, 5-ASA derivatives)
cyclosporin A tacrolimus sirolimus sulfasalazine tofacitinib
Immunopharmacology III. (Antibodies and fusion proteins)
adalimumab natalizumab abatacept infliximab rituximab ATG (anti-thymocyte globulin) dupilimumab ustekinumab tocilizumab
Cancer chemotherapy I (antimetabolites)
6-mercaptopurine methotrexate 5-FU pemetrexed capecitabine cytarabine
Cancer chemotherapy II (alkylating agents)
cyclophosphamide cisplatin oxaliplatin dactinomycin bleomycin dacarbazine temozolomide
Cancer chemotherapy III (Topisomerase inhibitors. Inhibitors of mitotic spindle)
irinotecan doxirubicin etoposide vincristine docetaxel
Cancer chemotherapy IV. (Hormonal agents)
goserlin degarelix anastrozole tamoxifen bicalutamide octreotide prednisolone
Cancer chemotherapy V. (Small molecule signal transduction inhibitors)
sunitinib erlotinib laptinib tretinoin bortezomib ibrutinib crizotinib imatinib gefitinib dabrafenib+ trametinib everolimus
Cancer chemotherapy VI. (Large molecule signal transduction inhibitors.
trastuzumab (-emtansin) panitumumab bevacizumab rituximab pembrolizumab INF-alpha aldesleukin
