Topic List A Flashcards
Agents used in anemias
iron-hydroxide polymaltose - iron supplement for iron deficiency anemia
folic acid - in megaloblastic anemia, pregnancy
vit B12 - in megaloblastic anemia, and pernicious anemia
epoetin-a - recombinant erythropoetin, bone marrow disorders
filgrastim - recombinant G-CSF, aplastic anemia
Antiplatelet agents
acetylsalicyclic acid - block TXA2 synthesis, no COX
clopidogrel - ADP-R blocker
prasugrel - ADP-R blocker
ticagrelor - ADP-R blocker, not a prodrug
abciximab - bind GPIIb/GPIIIa, prevent cross-linking
Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding disorders
reteplase - tPA derivative, plasminogen -> plasmin, lower affinity thus deeper penetration
alteplase - tPA derivative, plasminogen -> plasmin
epsilon-amino-caproic acid - fibrinolysis inhibitor, prevent plasminogen -> plasmin
vitamin K - used in vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns
epinephrine - a1 vasoconstriction
fibrin foam - local drug against bleeding, made from fibrinogen and thrombin
Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis
denosumab - RANKL antibody alendronate - bisphosphonate, kill OC zoledronate - bisphosphonate, kill OC raloxifen - SERM, E +bone, E - breast, no endometrium teriparatide - PTH hormone analog cholecalciferol - Vit D
Oral antidiabetics
glipizide - sulfonurea, 4hr glimepiride - sulfonurea, 8hr repaglinide - meglitinide, rapid metformin - biguanide, +AMPK vildagliptin - DPP-4i dapagliflozin - SGLT-2i acarbose - block breakdown of polysaccharides, a-glucosidase inhibitor pioglitazone - PPAR-y activation
Parenterally applied antidiabetic drugs.
regular insulin - short (30min, 2 hr, 8hr)
lispro insulin - rapid (15min, 1hr, 4hr)
aspart insulin - rapid (15min, 1hr, 4hr)
glargin insulin - long (2hr, no peak, 24hr)
isophan (NPH)-insulin - intermediate (1hr, 4hr, 16hr)
liraglutide - GLP-1 analog
Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
levothyroxin - T4 analog
thiamazole - inhibit thyroid peroxidase
propylthiouracil - inhibit thyroid peroxidase, 5’-deiondinase
iodine - iodine deficiency or high dose block synthesis
octreotide - somatostatin analog, inhibit somatotropes
bromocriptine - dopamine analog (D2), oral, IM, Ind: hyperprolactinemia
desmopressin - ADH analog, IV, SC, oral, antidiuretic, platelet aggregation
oxytocin - induce labor (IV), for postpartum bleeding (IM)
Contraceptives
ethynylestradiol + levonorgestrel - combined pill
medroxyprogesteron-acetate - injection, 12weeks
levonorgestrel - intrauterine device, emergency contraception (72hr)
desogestrel - POPs
Progestins and antiprogestins
medroxyprogesteron-acetate - progesterone derivative
drospirenone - birth control
norethisteron - T derivative, old
levonorgestrel - T derivative, old
desogestrel - T derivative, new
cyproteron-acetate - birth control, oral or IM
mifepristone - medical abortion
ulipristal acetate - emergency birth control, 5 days
Estrogens and antiestrogens
ethynylestradiol - oral, E-R agonist, higher bioavailability
estradiol- activate E-R, hormone replacement
clomifen - SERM, E - hypothalamus, stim ovulation
tamoxifen - SERM, E +bone, E - breast, E + endometrium (risk of cancer)
raloxifen - SERM, E +bone, E - breast, no endometrium
anastrozole - aromatase inhibitor, block A->E
goserelin - GnRH agonist constant
degarelix - GnRH anta
Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens
testosteron-undecanoate - oral or injection, testosterone derivative
bicalutamide - androgen receptor inhibitor, prostate cancer
finasteride - 5-a reductase inhibitor
goserelin - GnRH agonist constant
degarelix - GnRH anta
sildenafil - PDE5 inhibitor
nandrolon - anabolic steroid, increase muscle, SE: jaundice
Glucocorticoids for oral and parenteral use
hydrocortizone - short duration (8-12hr) prednisolone - intermediate (12-36hr) methylprednisolone - intermediate, dexamethasone - long (36-72hr) triamcinolone - intermediate, more toxic
Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids
fludrocortizone - 8-12hr, MC replacement
fluocinolon - topical, itching and inflammation
mometazone - medium CS, vasocon, asthma and rhinitis
budesonide, fluticazone - topical, inflammation and itching, also inhaled
metyrapone - inhibit 11-b-OH, no MC or GC
Local anesthetics.
all block AP by blocking Na
procaine - ester, short, less potent
lidocaine - most common, intermediate
cocaine - ester, only surface, serious side effects
benzocaine- ester, only surface, serious side effects, methemoglobinema
bupivacaine - long, epidural, cardiotoxic
articaine - intermediate, dental
Anticoagulants
heparin - unfractioned, block thrombin and FXa, aPTT monitoring
dalteparin - LMWH, only Xa block, longer and better bioavail
bivalirudin - direct thrombin inhibitor, IV
warfarin - block epoxide reductase
dabigatran-etexilate - direct thrombin inhibitor, oral
rivaroxaban - direct Xa inhibitor, no VII, II, IX, X, monitor INR
fondaparinux - LMWH, only Xa block, longer and better bioavail
