Topic List A Flashcards
Agents used in anemias
iron-hydroxide polymaltose - iron supplement for iron deficiency anemia
folic acid - in megaloblastic anemia, pregnancy
vit B12 - in megaloblastic anemia, and pernicious anemia
epoetin-a - recombinant erythropoetin, bone marrow disorders
filgrastim - recombinant G-CSF, aplastic anemia
Antiplatelet agents
acetylsalicyclic acid - block TXA2 synthesis, no COX
clopidogrel - ADP-R blocker
prasugrel - ADP-R blocker
ticagrelor - ADP-R blocker, not a prodrug
abciximab - bind GPIIb/GPIIIa, prevent cross-linking
Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding disorders
reteplase - tPA derivative, plasminogen -> plasmin, lower affinity thus deeper penetration
alteplase - tPA derivative, plasminogen -> plasmin
epsilon-amino-caproic acid - fibrinolysis inhibitor, prevent plasminogen -> plasmin
vitamin K - used in vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns
epinephrine - a1 vasoconstriction
fibrin foam - local drug against bleeding, made from fibrinogen and thrombin
Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis
denosumab - RANKL antibody alendronate - bisphosphonate, kill OC zoledronate - bisphosphonate, kill OC raloxifen - SERM, E +bone, E - breast, no endometrium teriparatide - PTH hormone analog cholecalciferol - Vit D
Oral antidiabetics
glipizide - sulfonurea, 4hr glimepiride - sulfonurea, 8hr repaglinide - meglitinide, rapid metformin - biguanide, +AMPK vildagliptin - DPP-4i dapagliflozin - SGLT-2i acarbose - block breakdown of polysaccharides, a-glucosidase inhibitor pioglitazone - PPAR-y activation
Parenterally applied antidiabetic drugs.
regular insulin - short (30min, 2 hr, 8hr)
lispro insulin - rapid (15min, 1hr, 4hr)
aspart insulin - rapid (15min, 1hr, 4hr)
glargin insulin - long (2hr, no peak, 24hr)
isophan (NPH)-insulin - intermediate (1hr, 4hr, 16hr)
liraglutide - GLP-1 analog
Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
levothyroxin - T4 analog
thiamazole - inhibit thyroid peroxidase
propylthiouracil - inhibit thyroid peroxidase, 5’-deiondinase
iodine - iodine deficiency or high dose block synthesis
octreotide - somatostatin analog, inhibit somatotropes
bromocriptine - dopamine analog (D2), oral, IM, Ind: hyperprolactinemia
desmopressin - ADH analog, IV, SC, oral, antidiuretic, platelet aggregation
oxytocin - induce labor (IV), for postpartum bleeding (IM)
Contraceptives
ethynylestradiol + levonorgestrel - combined pill
medroxyprogesteron-acetate - injection, 12weeks
levonorgestrel - intrauterine device, emergency contraception (72hr)
desogestrel - POPs
Progestins and antiprogestins
medroxyprogesteron-acetate - progesterone derivative
drospirenone - birth control
norethisteron - T derivative, old
levonorgestrel - T derivative, old
desogestrel - T derivative, new
cyproteron-acetate - birth control, oral or IM
mifepristone - medical abortion
ulipristal acetate - emergency birth control, 5 days
Estrogens and antiestrogens
ethynylestradiol - oral, E-R agonist, higher bioavailability
estradiol- activate E-R, hormone replacement
clomifen - SERM, E - hypothalamus, stim ovulation
tamoxifen - SERM, E +bone, E - breast, E + endometrium (risk of cancer)
raloxifen - SERM, E +bone, E - breast, no endometrium
anastrozole - aromatase inhibitor, block A->E
goserelin - GnRH agonist constant
degarelix - GnRH anta
Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens
testosteron-undecanoate - oral or injection, testosterone derivative
bicalutamide - androgen receptor inhibitor, prostate cancer
finasteride - 5-a reductase inhibitor
goserelin - GnRH agonist constant
degarelix - GnRH anta
sildenafil - PDE5 inhibitor
nandrolon - anabolic steroid, increase muscle, SE: jaundice
Glucocorticoids for oral and parenteral use
hydrocortizone - short duration (8-12hr) prednisolone - intermediate (12-36hr) methylprednisolone - intermediate, dexamethasone - long (36-72hr) triamcinolone - intermediate, more toxic
Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids
fludrocortizone - 8-12hr, MC replacement
fluocinolon - topical, itching and inflammation
mometazone - medium CS, vasocon, asthma and rhinitis
budesonide, fluticazone - topical, inflammation and itching, also inhaled
metyrapone - inhibit 11-b-OH, no MC or GC
Local anesthetics.
all block AP by blocking Na
procaine - ester, short, less potent
lidocaine - most common, intermediate
cocaine - ester, only surface, serious side effects
benzocaine- ester, only surface, serious side effects, methemoglobinema
bupivacaine - long, epidural, cardiotoxic
articaine - intermediate, dental
Anticoagulants
heparin - unfractioned, block thrombin and FXa, aPTT monitoring
dalteparin - LMWH, only Xa block, longer and better bioavail
bivalirudin - direct thrombin inhibitor, IV
warfarin - block epoxide reductase
dabigatran-etexilate - direct thrombin inhibitor, oral
rivaroxaban - direct Xa inhibitor, no VII, II, IX, X, monitor INR
fondaparinux - LMWH, only Xa block, longer and better bioavail
Inhalational anesthetics
nitrous oxide
isoflurane
desflurane
sevoflurane
Non benzodiazepine anxiolytics and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety
disorders.
zolepidem zaleplon melatonin buspirone ramelteon
1st generation (“typical”) antipsychotic agents
haloperidol
clopromazine
flupentixole
droperidol
2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents
risperidone tiapride aripiprazole cariprazine quetiapine clozapine olanzapine
Tricyclic, tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants. MAO-inhibitors
clomipramine amitryptiline maprotiline bupropion trazodone moclobemide
Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
(es)citalopram sertraline duloxetine venalafaxine reboxetine fluoxetine
Norepinephrine and serotonin receptor antagonist antidepressants. Agomelatine. Tianeptine. Agents used
for treatment of manic phase of bipolar disorders. Pharmacotherapy of affective disorders.
mirtazepine agomelatine lithium carbamezepine valproate
Antiepileptics used in partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures except for the “broad spectrum” agents.
vigabatrine
carbamazepine
phenobarbital
phenytoin
Antiepileptics used in absence seizures. “Broad spectrum” antiepileptic drugs. Drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus
ethosuximide lamotrigine valproate clonazepam diazepam levatiracetam
