Topic B5 - Nervous System, Endocrine System, Contraception, Menstrual Cycle And Diabetes Flashcards
What is homeostasis
Regulation of the internal condition of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in respond to internal and external changes
Why is homeostasis important?
Maintain optimum condition for enzyme action and all cell functions
What 3 factors must be controlled in the body?
Blood glucose concentration
Temp
Water levels
What 3 things do all control systems include?
Receptor cells
Coordination centres
Effectors
What do receptor cells do?
Detect stimuli
Stimulus?
Change in environment
Coordination centres?
Revive and process info from receptors
What are effectors
Muscles or glands
Effectors job?
Being about response ~> restore optimum levels
Nervous system job?
Allow humans to react to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour
How does info pass along neurones?
Electrical impulse
What does CNs consist of?
Brain and spinal cord
Reflex actions importance?
Protect us from harm
Endocrine system consists of…
Glands and hormones
What do glands secrete
Hormones
Master gland
Pituitary
Adrenal glands location
Above kidneys
Pituitary gland locations
Brain
Thyroid gland location
Neck
Which organ controls and monitors blood glucose concentration
Pancreas
What happens if blood glucose concentration too high…???
Pancreas releases insulin,, causes glucose to move into cells
In liver muscle cells the glucose is converted into glycogen for storage
Glycogen?
Stored glucose in the liver and muscles
Blood sugar level too low?
Pancreas releases glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood
Function of coordination centres
Coordination centres obtain and process info form receptors
Function of nervous system??
Allows body to react to its surroundings and coordinate an appropriate response
Difference between reflex pathway and conscious pathway
Reflex pathway - co-ordination centre is a relay neurone found in the spinal chord/ unconscious part of brain
Conscious pathway- coordination centre is the conscious part of the brain
What is the name of the body’s coordination system that involves hormones?
Endocrine system
What’s a hormone
Chemical messenger secreted by a gland. Travels in blood to target organ where is causes a response
Why is pituitary gland called master gland?
Secretes a wide range of hormones some of which may stimulate other endocrine glands.
Role of thyroid
Secretes thyroxine
Controls metabolism heart rate and body temp
What does insulin do after its secreted by the pancreas?
Insulin bonds to receptors on liver and muscles, causing excess glucose to be converted into glycogen and stored.
How does pancreas respond when blood glucose level too low?
Pancreas secretes glucagon. Glucagon bonds to liver cells causing glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood
Type one diabetes?
An autoimmune disorder
In which pancreas does not secrete sufficient insulin
Type 2 diabetes?
Disorder in which body’s cells stop responding to insulin, leading to uncontrolled blood glucose concentration
What are the 4 main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?
Oestrogen
Progesterone
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Role of FSH?
Controls maturation of eggs, trigger production of oestrogen by ovaries
Role of oestrogen
Causes re growth of uterus lining, trigger production of LH, restricts release of more FSH
Role of LH?
Triggers ovulation
Role of progesterone?
Secreted from the follicle of the ovary. Sustains uterus lining and inhibits FSH and LH
How does the pill prevent pregnancy?
Inhibits FSH- eggs do not mature.
Prevent developments of uterus lining- up gigs can’t implant
Increases thickness of cervical mucus- immobilise sperm cells
What’s the contraceptive implant?
Rod I steered under skin, continuously releases progesterone, lasts 3 years
IUS job?
Releases progesterone, thickens cervical mucus and prevents build up of uterine lining
IUD job?
Copper contains device inserted into uterus, prevents implantation of embryos
How do fertility drugs increase change of pregnancy
Contains FSH and LH
What’s IVF??
Fertility treatments, mother given FSH and LH, stimulates maturation of eggs and ovulation. Eggs fertilised using sperm in a lab in a lab, develop into embryos. Then one or two embryos are inserted into the womv
Advantages of fertility treatment
Allows infertile couples to have kids
Store a woman’s eggs for later
Disadvantages of fertility treatment
Expensive, low success, chance of multiple prefabs cues, side effects from drygs
What’s negative feedback?
A type of control, to restore optimum levels
