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AQA GCSE Biology (combined) > Topic B5 - Nervous System, Endocrine System, Contraception, Menstrual Cycle And Diabetes > Flashcards

Topic B5 - Nervous System, Endocrine System, Contraception, Menstrual Cycle And Diabetes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Regulation of the internal condition of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in respond to internal and external changes

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2
Q

Why is homeostasis important?

A

Maintain optimum condition for enzyme action and all cell functions

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3
Q

What 3 factors must be controlled in the body?

A

Blood glucose concentration
Temp
Water levels

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4
Q

What 3 things do all control systems include?

A

Receptor cells
Coordination centres
Effectors

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5
Q

What do receptor cells do?

A

Detect stimuli

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6
Q

Stimulus?

A

Change in environment

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7
Q

Coordination centres?

A

Revive and process info from receptors

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8
Q

What are effectors

A

Muscles or glands

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9
Q

Effectors job?

A

Being about response ~> restore optimum levels

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10
Q

Nervous system job?

A

Allow humans to react to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour

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11
Q

How does info pass along neurones?

A

Electrical impulse

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12
Q

What does CNs consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

Reflex actions importance?

A

Protect us from harm

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14
Q

Endocrine system consists of…

A

Glands and hormones

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15
Q

What do glands secrete

A

Hormones

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16
Q

Master gland

A

Pituitary

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17
Q

Adrenal glands location

A

Above kidneys

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18
Q

Pituitary gland locations

A

Brain

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19
Q

Thyroid gland location

A

Neck

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20
Q

Which organ controls and monitors blood glucose concentration

A

Pancreas

21
Q

What happens if blood glucose concentration too high…???

A

Pancreas releases insulin,, causes glucose to move into cells

In liver muscle cells the glucose is converted into glycogen for storage

22
Q

Glycogen?

A

Stored glucose in the liver and muscles

23
Q

Blood sugar level too low?

A

Pancreas releases glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

24
Q

Function of coordination centres

A

Coordination centres obtain and process info form receptors

25
Q

Function of nervous system??

A

Allows body to react to its surroundings and coordinate an appropriate response

26
Q

Difference between reflex pathway and conscious pathway

A

Reflex pathway - co-ordination centre is a relay neurone found in the spinal chord/ unconscious part of brain

Conscious pathway- coordination centre is the conscious part of the brain

27
Q

What is the name of the body’s coordination system that involves hormones?

A

Endocrine system

28
Q

What’s a hormone

A

Chemical messenger secreted by a gland. Travels in blood to target organ where is causes a response

29
Q

Why is pituitary gland called master gland?

A

Secretes a wide range of hormones some of which may stimulate other endocrine glands.

30
Q

Role of thyroid

A

Secretes thyroxine
Controls metabolism heart rate and body temp

31
Q

What does insulin do after its secreted by the pancreas?

A

Insulin bonds to receptors on liver and muscles, causing excess glucose to be converted into glycogen and stored.

32
Q

How does pancreas respond when blood glucose level too low?

A

Pancreas secretes glucagon. Glucagon bonds to liver cells causing glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

33
Q

Type one diabetes?

A

An autoimmune disorder
In which pancreas does not secrete sufficient insulin

34
Q

Type 2 diabetes?

A

Disorder in which body’s cells stop responding to insulin, leading to uncontrolled blood glucose concentration

35
Q

What are the 4 main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)

36
Q

Role of FSH?

A

Controls maturation of eggs, trigger production of oestrogen by ovaries

37
Q

Role of oestrogen

A

Causes re growth of uterus lining, trigger production of LH, restricts release of more FSH

38
Q

Role of LH?

A

Triggers ovulation

39
Q

Role of progesterone?

A

Secreted from the follicle of the ovary. Sustains uterus lining and inhibits FSH and LH

40
Q

How does the pill prevent pregnancy?

A

Inhibits FSH- eggs do not mature.
Prevent developments of uterus lining- up gigs can’t implant
Increases thickness of cervical mucus- immobilise sperm cells

41
Q

What’s the contraceptive implant?

A

Rod I steered under skin, continuously releases progesterone, lasts 3 years

42
Q

IUS job?

A

Releases progesterone, thickens cervical mucus and prevents build up of uterine lining

43
Q

IUD job?

A

Copper contains device inserted into uterus, prevents implantation of embryos

44
Q

How do fertility drugs increase change of pregnancy

A

Contains FSH and LH

45
Q

What’s IVF??

A

Fertility treatments, mother given FSH and LH, stimulates maturation of eggs and ovulation. Eggs fertilised using sperm in a lab in a lab, develop into embryos. Then one or two embryos are inserted into the womv

46
Q

Advantages of fertility treatment

A

Allows infertile couples to have kids
Store a woman’s eggs for later

47
Q

Disadvantages of fertility treatment

A

Expensive, low success, chance of multiple prefabs cues, side effects from drygs

48
Q

What’s negative feedback?

A

A type of control, to restore optimum levels

AQA GCSE Biology (combined) (7 decks)

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