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AQA GCSE Biology (combined) > Topic B1-Microscopes, Cells, Transport, Cell Division & Stem Cells > Flashcards

Topic B1-Microscopes, Cells, Transport, Cell Division & Stem Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

How many micrometers are there in 1 metre?

A

1, 000, 000

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2
Q

What kind of microscope do we use at school?

A

Light microscope

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3
Q

What kind of microscope allowed biologists to see and understand more about subcellular structures inside?

A

Electron microscope

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4
Q

How can you calculate real size of a microscope image?

A

Image size
___________

Magnification

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5
Q

What determines how much detail a microscope can show?

A

Resolving power

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6
Q

What kind of cell contains genetic material enclosed in a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic

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7
Q

What kind of cell does not have a nucleus

A

Prokaryotic / bacterial cell

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8
Q

Which is smaller?: eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic

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9
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

Hold DNA

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10
Q

Function of cytoplasm?

A

Chemical reactions

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11
Q

Function of cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters and exits cell

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12
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration

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13
Q

Function of ribosomes?

A

Sure of protein synthesis

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14
Q

Function of choloroplasts

A

Site of photosynthesis

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15
Q

Function of chlorophyll

A

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

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16
Q

What is vacuole filled with

A

Cell sap

17
Q

What are plant and agal cell walls made of?

A

Cellulose

18
Q

Which specialised cells contain lots of mitochondria?

A

Sperm cells,
Muscle cells
Root hair cells

19
Q

Which specialises cell has a long axon?

A

Nerve cell/ neurone

20
Q

Which specialised cells contain protein that slide over each other and store glycogen?

A

Muscle cells

21
Q

Which specialised cells have a large surface are, permanent vacuole and lots of mitochondria for active transport?

A

Root Hair Cell

22
Q

Which specialised cells have broken down cell walls that form sieve plates and are supported by companion cells?

A

Phloem cells

23
Q

Which specialised cells become lignified and die?

A

Xylem cells

24
Q

With a suitable temperature and nutrients, how often can some bacteria divide?

A

Every 20 minutes

25
Q

Where are chromosomes found?

A

Nucleus

26
Q

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?

A

• Genetic material is doubled then divided into 2 identical cells
• Growth and reproduction of sub-cellular structures
• Mitosis (chromosomes pulled to each end of the cell and nucleus divides)

27
Q

what is an undifferentiated cell of an organism that can give rise to many more cells of the same type and from which certain cells can arise from (differentiation) ?

A

stem cells

28
Q

Which tissue can develop into any type of plant cell throughout its life?

A

Meristem

29
Q

What may stem cells be used to help treat?

A

Diabetes, paralysis

30
Q

Disadvantages of stem cells…?

A

• Potential risks
- such as viral transfer
• Ethical or religious objection

31
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading out of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

32
Q

What 3 factors affect the rate of diffusion?

A

1) concentration gradient
2) temperature
3) surface area

33
Q

What is the effectiveness of an exchange surface increased by?

A

• Large surface area
• Thin efficient blood supply
• Being ventilated to maintain the concentration gradient

34
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

35
Q

What does active transport require?

A

Energy

36
Q

describe the structure of cytoplasm

A

fluid compenent, contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients.

37
Q

describe how nerve cells in animals are adapted for their function

A

long axon - electrical impulses to be transmitted all over body

dendrites - to recieve impulses from other cells

myelin sheath - insulates the axon and speeds up the transition of impulses along the nerve cell

AQA GCSE Biology (combined) (7 decks)

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