Topic B3-Antibiotics, Drug Discovery, Disease

Question 1

What are microorganisms that cause disease called?

Answer 1

Pathogens

Question 2

What 4 things could pathogens be?

Answer 2

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protist

Question 3

What do bacteria produce that damage our tissues and make us feel ill?

Answer 3

Toxins/poisons

Question 4

Where do viruses reproduce which causes cell damage?

Answer 4

They reproduce inside cells

Question 5

Which viral disease causes a fever and a red skin rash?

Answer 5

Measles

Question 6

How is measles virus spread?

Answer 6

Inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs

Question 7

What is HIV infection controlled by?

Answer 7

Antiretroviral drugs

Question 8

What is late stage HIV infection where the body’s immune system becomes so badly damaged that it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers?

Answer 8

AIDS

Question 9

Name a plant virus that causes a discolouration of the leaves as a pattern and affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis…

Answer 9

TMV tobacco mosaic virus

Question 10

What bacterial disease is spread by contaminated food?

Answer 10

Salmonella

Question 11

Symptoms of salmonella food poisoning?

Answer 11

Fever
Abdominal cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

Question 12

Name an STD spread by a bacterium

Answer 12

Gonorrhoea

Question 13

Give 2 symptoms of gonhorrhoea

Answer 13

Thick yellow/green discharge
Pain upon urinating

Question 14

Name a plant FUNGAL disease

Answer 14

Rose back spot

Question 15

Symptom of rose black spot…

Answer 15

Purple or black spots develop on leaves which turn yellow and drop

Question 16

How is rose black sport spread?

Answer 16

Water 💦 and wind 💨

Question 17

How is rose black spot treated?

Answer 17

Fungicides and/or removing and destroying affected leaves

Question 18

Name a protist disease

Answer 18

Malaria

Question 19

Give a symptom of malaria…

Answer 19

Recurrent episodes of fever

Question 20

How can the spread of malaria be controlled?

Answer 20

Preventing vectors (mosquitos) from breeding and using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten

Question 21

Name a non-specific defence system of the human body…

Answer 21

Skin
Nose
Trachea/bronchi
Stomach

Question 22

In which 3 ways do white blood cells help to defend against pathogens?

Answer 22

Antibodies
Antitoxins
Phagocytosis

Question 23

What is a vaccination?

Answer 23

Introducing small quantities of dead/inactive pathogens to stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies

Question 24

What to antibiotics do?

Answer 24

Kill bacteria

Question 25

Give an example of an antibiotic

Answer 25

Penicillin

Question 26

Can antibiotics kill viral pathogens?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Do painkillers kill pathogens

Answer 27

no

Question 28

Why is it difficult to kill viruses?

Answer 28

May also damage the body’s tissue

Question 29

Where does the heart drug DIGITALIS originate from?

Answer 29

Foxglove

Question 30

What does the painkiller aspirin originate from?

Answer 30

Willow tree

Question 31

Who discovered penicillin

Answer 31

Alexander Fleming

Question 32

What is the 1st stage of drug testing called?

Answer 32

Pre-clinical testing

Question 33

What 3 things are new drugs extensively tested for?

Answer 33

Toxicity
Efficacy
Dose

Question 34

Where is pre-clinical testing done?

Answer 34

In a lab

Question 35

Who does clinical testing involve?

Answer 35

Healthy volunteers and patients

Question 36

What is a placebo?

Answer 36

Fake drug

Question 37

What is a double-blind trial?

Answer 37

Patient and doctors do not know who has been given the real drug