Topic B2-Circulatory Sysytem, Digestion System, Cancer, Plant Tissues Flashcards
What is a group of cells with a similar function and structure?
Tissue
What are aggregations of tissues performing specific functions called?
Organs
Which model is used to explain enzyme activity?
Lock and Key
🔒🔑
Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Where is protease produced?
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine
What does amylase do?
Breaks down starch into sugars
(amalyaSe = Starch»_space; Sugars)
What does protease do?
Breaks down proteins into amino acids
(PROtease ~ PROteins»_space; amino acids)
What to lipases do?
Break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
(LIPases ~ LIPids)
Where is bile produced and stored?
• Produced - liver
• Stored - gall bladder
What are the functions of bile?
- neutralise stomach acid
- emulsified fats so lipids can work efficiently
Test for sugars?
Benedicts Test
Blue to brick red upon heating
Test for starch?
Iodine
Orange/ brown»_space; blue/black
Test for protein
Bieuret reagent
Why is heart described as double lump?
- right side pumps to the lungs (for oxygen)
- left side pumps around rest of body
Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart?
Vena cava
Which blood vessel transports blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen?
Pulmonary artery
Which blood vessel transports blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary vein
Which blood cell transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?
Aorta 🫀
Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas
Small intestines
Where does gas exchange take place in animals?
Alveoli
What is the natural resting heart rate controlled by?
Pacemaker cells located in the right atrium
Which device can correct irregularlarities in the heart rate
Artificial pacemaker
What are the 3 types of blood vessels
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls
Capillaries
Which blood vessels contain valves?
Veins
Which blood vessels have the narrowest lumen?
Arteries
Which blood vessels mainly carry oxygenated blood
Arteries
Which blood vessels mainly carry DEoxygenated blood
Veins
What 4 main substances does blood consist of?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
What 3 main ways can cardiovascular disease be treated?
Drugs
Mechanical devices
Transplants
What are stents used for
Keeping Coronary arteries open
What do statins do?
Reduce blood cholesterol
What can faulty valves be replaced with?
Biological or mechanical valves
What might happen if valves become faulty
Not open properly
Or develop a leak
What can be used whilst waiting for a heart transplant or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery?
Artificial heart
What is health
The state of physical and mental wellbeing
What are risk factors?
Factors that lead to an increased rate of disease
What can a poor diet, lack or exercise and smoking lead to?
Cardiovascular disease
What can obesity lead to?
Type 2 diabetes
What organs are affected by alcohol?
Brain
Liver
What risk factor can lead to lung cancer and lung disease?
Smokinh
What can carcinogens, including ionising radiation lead to?
Cancer
What is cancer?
Changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division
What type of tumour is contained in one are and does not spread
Benign - does not spread
What type of tumour can invade neighbouring tissues and other body parts to from secondary tumours?
Malignant - can spread
What type of tumours are cancers?
Malignant
Which lead cell layer contains the most chloroplasts?
Palisade mesophyll
In which leaf cell layer does gaseous diffusion exchange occur?
Spongy mesophyll
Which plant tissue transports water and dissolved ions up the plant
Xylem
Which plant tissue is found growing at the tips of roots and shoots
Meristem tissue
Which cells are responsible for controlling the opening and closing of stomata
Guard cells
What are the pores on the underside of a leaf called
Stomata
Which ch plant tissue transports dissolved sugars up and down the plant?
Phloem
Which 4 factors affect the rate of transpiration?
Temperature
Humidity
Air movement
Light intensity
What is transpiration
The only evaporation of water through the stomata in the leaf
Which 2 processes do root hair cells take in water and mineral ionsV
Osmosis
Active transport
