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AQA GCSE Biology (combined) > Topic B2-Circulatory Sysytem, Digestion System, Cancer, Plant Tissues > Flashcards

Topic B2-Circulatory Sysytem, Digestion System, Cancer, Plant Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a group of cells with a similar function and structure?

A

Tissue

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2
Q

What are aggregations of tissues performing specific functions called?

A

Organs

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3
Q

Which model is used to explain enzyme activity?

A

Lock and Key
🔒🔑

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4
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas

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5
Q

Where is protease produced?

A

Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine

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6
Q

What does amylase do?

A

Breaks down starch into sugars

(amalyaSe = Starch&raquo_space; Sugars)

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7
Q

What does protease do?

A

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

(PROtease ~ PROteins&raquo_space; amino acids)

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8
Q

What to lipases do?

A

Break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

(LIPases ~ LIPids)

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9
Q

Where is bile produced and stored?

A

• Produced - liver
• Stored - gall bladder

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10
Q

What are the functions of bile?

A
  • neutralise stomach acid
  • emulsified fats so lipids can work efficiently
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11
Q

Test for sugars?

A

Benedicts Test

Blue to brick red upon heating

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12
Q

Test for starch?

A

Iodine

Orange/ brown&raquo_space; blue/black

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13
Q

Test for protein

A

Bieuret reagent

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14
Q

Why is heart described as double lump?

A
  • right side pumps to the lungs (for oxygen)
  • left side pumps around rest of body
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15
Q

Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart?

A

Vena cava

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16
Q

Which blood vessel transports blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen?

A

Pulmonary artery

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17
Q

Which blood vessel transports blood from the lungs to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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18
Q

Which blood cell transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

Aorta 🫀

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19
Q

Where is lipase produced?

A

Pancreas
Small intestines

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20
Q

Where does gas exchange take place in animals?

A

Alveoli

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21
Q

What is the natural resting heart rate controlled by?

A

Pacemaker cells located in the right atrium

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22
Q

Which device can correct irregularlarities in the heart rate

A

Artificial pacemaker

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23
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

A

Capillaries
Arteries
Veins

24
Q

Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls

A

Capillaries

25
Q

Which blood vessels contain valves?

A

Veins

26
Q

Which blood vessels have the narrowest lumen?

A

Arteries

27
Q

Which blood vessels mainly carry oxygenated blood

A

Arteries

28
Q

Which blood vessels mainly carry DEoxygenated blood

A

Veins

29
Q

What 4 main substances does blood consist of?

A

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

30
Q

What 3 main ways can cardiovascular disease be treated?

A

Drugs
Mechanical devices
Transplants

31
Q

What are stents used for

A

Keeping Coronary arteries open

32
Q

What do statins do?

A

Reduce blood cholesterol

33
Q

What can faulty valves be replaced with?

A

Biological or mechanical valves

34
Q

What might happen if valves become faulty

A

Not open properly
Or develop a leak

35
Q

What can be used whilst waiting for a heart transplant or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery?

A

Artificial heart

36
Q

What is health

A

The state of physical and mental wellbeing

37
Q

What are risk factors?

A

Factors that lead to an increased rate of disease

38
Q

What can a poor diet, lack or exercise and smoking lead to?

A

Cardiovascular disease

39
Q

What can obesity lead to?

A

Type 2 diabetes

40
Q

What organs are affected by alcohol?

A

Brain
Liver

41
Q

What risk factor can lead to lung cancer and lung disease?

A

Smokinh

42
Q

What can carcinogens, including ionising radiation lead to?

A

Cancer

43
Q

What is cancer?

A

Changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division

44
Q

What type of tumour is contained in one are and does not spread

A

Benign - does not spread

45
Q

What type of tumour can invade neighbouring tissues and other body parts to from secondary tumours?

A

Malignant - can spread

46
Q

What type of tumours are cancers?

A

Malignant

47
Q

Which lead cell layer contains the most chloroplasts?

A

Palisade mesophyll

48
Q

In which leaf cell layer does gaseous diffusion exchange occur?

A

Spongy mesophyll

49
Q

Which plant tissue transports water and dissolved ions up the plant

A

Xylem

50
Q

Which plant tissue is found growing at the tips of roots and shoots

A

Meristem tissue

51
Q

Which cells are responsible for controlling the opening and closing of stomata

A

Guard cells

52
Q

What are the pores on the underside of a leaf called

A

Stomata

53
Q

Which ch plant tissue transports dissolved sugars up and down the plant?

A

Phloem

54
Q

Which 4 factors affect the rate of transpiration?

A

Temperature
Humidity
Air movement
Light intensity

55
Q

What is transpiration

A

The only evaporation of water through the stomata in the leaf

56
Q

Which 2 processes do root hair cells take in water and mineral ionsV

A

Osmosis
Active transport

AQA GCSE Biology (combined) (7 decks)

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