Topic A- Cells And Classification Flashcards
What characteristics do viruses have? Give an example.
- they are parasitic and can only reproduce in living cells.
- no cellular structure, but has protein coat
- infect every type of living organism
- on their own viruses lack most of the essential characteristics of living things
- Example: **Tobacco mosaic virus- causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants
What is the function of large permanent vacuole in a plant cell?
- a plant cell has a large permanent vacuole filled with a liquid called cell sap which helps to support the cell
What characteristics does bacteria have? Give an example.
they are single celled, lack of nucleus but contains chromosone of DNA.
- Example: Lactobacillus bulgarius, a rod shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk.
- Pneumococcus, acts as a pathogen causing pheumonia
What is the function of the cell membrane in a cell?
- it is a thin skin around the cell
- it gives the cell its shape and controls what goes into and out of the cell
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
- controls what the cells does.
- it contains the instructions to make new cells
What charactersitics do Protoctists have? Give an example.
Exist as single cells or colonies of single cells
Example: Amoeba, Paramecium
What is the function of chloroplast in a plant cell?
- found in cells that carry out photosynthesis
- they contain chlorophyll to trap light energy
What characteristics do animals have? Give an example.
Cells do not have a cell wall. Multicellular and feed on other organisms.
Example: All multicellular animals, including: jellyfish, worms, arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms, fish, amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals
Give two examples of pathogens and what it means
- fungi
- bacteria
- protoctists
- viruses
they can cause diseases
What charaterisctics do Prokaryotes have? Give an example.
Have a cell wall but not made from cellulose. Cells have no nucleus.
Example: Bacteria, blue-green algae
What characteristics do fungi have? Give an example.
Cells have chitin cell walls. Reproduce using spores rather than seeds.
**Example: **Moulds, mushrooms, yeast
What characteristics do living organisms share?
- require nutrition
- respire
- excrete their waste
- respond to their surroundings
- move
- control their internal conditions
- reproduce
- grow and develop
What characteristics do plants have? Give an example.
Cells have a cellulose cell wall. They use light energy to produce food by photosynthesis. They are multicellular organisms.
Example: All green plants, including: algae, ferns and mosses (plants that do not produce seeds); conifers and flowering plants (plants that do produce seeds)
What is the function of mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) in a cell?
- Respiration happens inside mitochondrion to release energy from food molecules
What is the function of Cytoplasm in a cell?
- Is like jelly
- Chemical reactions go on inside the cytoplasm
- These keep the cells alive
What is the function of cell wall in a plant cells?
- covers the thin membrane
- it is made of tough cellulose which strengthens the cell
What is movement?
- change in location or position
what is reproduction?
- production of new individuals of the same species
what is sensitivity?
- the ability to react to the environment
what is nutrition?
- to obtain nutrients for growth and energy
what is excretion?
- to remove the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells)
what is respiration?
- to produce energy for use in a cell
what is the deffinition of growth?
- an increase in size
What is the function of the red blood cell and where is it found?
- in the blood
- transport oxygen
What is the function of a sperm cell and where is it found?
- testes
- swim to an egg amd fertilise it
What is te function of an egg cell and where is it found?
- forms an embryo is fertilised
- ovary
What is the function of a root hair cell and where is it found?
- absorb water and minerals from the soil
- on plant roots
What is the function of a palisade cell and where is it found?
- photosynthesis
- at the top of the leaf
What is the function of a ciliated cell and where is it found?
- trap dust and bacteria
- line air passsages in the lungs
Describe the levels of organisation within organs
- Element- living things are mostly made of C,H and O molecules eg. protein, DNA
- Organelles- part of the cell eg. nucleus
- Cell- ‘ the building blocks of life’
- Tissue- Groups of cells doing the same job
- Organ- groups of tissues that make a structure that has a particular job eg. heart
- Organ system- groups of organs for a particular process eg. respiratory system, digestive system
- Organism- human, tree
