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MICROBIOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 9 - VIROLOGY PART 2 > Flashcards

TOPIC 9 - VIROLOGY PART 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A fully assembled infective virus

A

Virion

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2
Q

What is the fundamental component of virion that has the ability to infect host cells and replicate in them; thus ensuring continued survival ?

A

Nucleoprotein core

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3
Q

Shell of proteins that encloses the genome of vertebrate viruses

A

Capsid

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4
Q

Used to describe the packaged form
of the genome in the capsid

A

Nucleocapsid

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of capsid symmetry?

A
  1. Icosahedral
  2. Helical
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6
Q

In many types of viruses the nucleocapsid is covered by an envelope composed of a lipid bilayer and
associated glycoproteins. True or False?

A

True

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7
Q

The _____ are associated with binding to receptors on host cells, membrane fusion, uncoating of the virion and destruction of receptors on host cells.

A

Glycoproteins

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8
Q

______ on envelope glycoproteins are often important for inducing protective immune responses
in infected animals.

A

Epitopes

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9
Q

Used to describe features such as protrusions seen on the surface of
virus particles in electron micrographs

A

Capsomere

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10
Q

Give the viral families of the following classification:

Double-stranded DNA and enveloped

A
  • Herpesviridae
  • Asfarviridae
  • Hepadnaviridae
  • Poxviridae
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11
Q

Give the viral families of the following classification:

Double-stranded DNA and non-enveloped

A
  • Iridoviridae
  • Papillomaviridae
  • Adenoviridae
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12
Q

Give the viral families of the following classification:

Single strand DNA and non-enveloped

A
  • Parvoviridae
  • Circoviridae
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13
Q

Give the viral families of the following classification:

Single strand RNA and enveloped

A
  • Coronaviridae
  • Orthomyxoviridae
  • Paramyxoviridae
  • Bunyaviridae
  • Retroviridae
  • Rhabdoviridae
  • Togaviridae
  • Flaviviridae
  • Arteriviridae
  • Arenaviridae
  • Filoviriae
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14
Q

Give the viral families of the following classification:

Single strand RNA and non-enveloped

A
  • Picornaviridae
  • Caliciviridae
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15
Q

Give the viral families of the following classification:

Double-stranded RNA and non-enveloped

A
  • Reoviridae
  • Birnaviridae
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16
Q

This viral classification is based on the nature of the genome and pathways of mRNA synthesis.

A

Baltimore classifications

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17
Q

Give the 5 virus replication stages.

A
  1. Attachment to a surface receptor on a susceptible
    host cell
  2. Entry into the cell
  3. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid
  4. Replication of viral nucleic acid and synthesis of virus-encoded proteins
  5. Assembly of newly-formed virus particles and
    release from host cell
18
Q

Initial virus-cell interaction is a random event which
related to the number of _____ ____ present and the availability of appropriate _____ ____.

A

virus particles; receptor molecules

19
Q

Virus-cell interaction determines both ___ ___ and ____ ____ of viral species.

A

host range; tissue tropism

20
Q

In orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses, the
detachment is mediated by _____ _____, a receptor-destroying enzyme.

A

viral neuraminidase

21
Q

Entry into the cell of virus is processed in 3 aspects. What are these?

A

(1) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
(2) Clathrin
(3) Fusion of viral envelope with the plasma membrane

22
Q

The process whereby the viral genome is released in a form suitable for transcription.

A

Uncoating

23
Q

Synthesis of viral proteins requires the production of ?

A

viral mRNA

24
Q

For DNA viruses, which replicate in the nucleus, it can avail of host cell _____ to synthesize viral mRNA.

A

transcriptases

25
Q

Most viral proteins undergo post-translational modification including ?

A
  1. Proteolytic cleavage
  2. Phosphorylation
  3. Glycosylation
26
Q

In _____, sugar side-chains are added to viral proteins in a programmed manner as the proteins are being transferred from the RER to Golgi apparatus in
preparation to final assembly and release from the cell.

A

glycolysation

27
Q

Non-enveloped viruses of animals have _____
structure.

A

icosahedral

28
Q

Give some examples of viruses that assembles in cytoplasm of the cell.

A
  1. Picornaviruses
  2. Reoviruses
29
Q

Give some examples of viruses that assembles in the nucleus.

A
  1. Parvoviruses
  2. Adenoviruses
  3. Papovaviruses
30
Q

What is the final step in the process of virion assembly?

A

Involves acquisition of an envelope by budding from cell membranes

31
Q

These enveloped viruses are cytolytic.

A
  1. Togaviruses
  2. Paramyxoviruses
  3. Rhabdoviruses
32
Q

These viruses acquire their envelopes inside cells by budding through the membranes of the RER or the Golgi apparatus and then transported in vesicles to the cell surface where the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane releasing the virion by exocytosis.

A
  1. Flaviviruses
  2. Coronaviruses
  3. Arteriviruses
  4. Bunyaviruses
33
Q

This virus is unique as it replicates in the nucleus and bud through the inner lamella of the nuclear membrane and accumulate in the space between inner and outer lamellae, in the cisternae of the ER and in cytoplasmic vesicles.

A

Herpesvirus

34
Q

This virus assembly and release are a complex process taking several hours.

A

Poxviruses

35
Q

Give this method of detection of virus, viral antigens or nucleic acid:

  • This method can be used to recognize mixed viral infections and detect viruses which cannot be grown in vitro
  • Has limitations (e.g. large numbers of
    viral particles must be present in clinical samples)
A

Electron microscopy

36
Q

Give this method of detection of virus, viral antigens or nucleic acid:

  • Antiviral antibodies labelled with fluorochromes can be used to detect viral antigens in clinical
    specimens
  • Can be used to demonstrate virus or viral antigen in specimens
A

Immunofluorescence and
Immunohistochemistry

37
Q

Give this method of detection of virus, viral antigens or nucleic acid:

  • Carried out in agar
  • Placing a fluid sample
    containing the virus
    under test in a well in
    the agar opposite a well
    containing antiserum
  • Fluids diffuse out of the
    wells, a line of precipitate forms if the sample under test contains viral antigen
A

Immunodiffusion

38
Q

Give this method of detection of virus, viral antigens or nucleic acid:

  • Viruses such as Orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae,
    adenoviridae and parvoviridae and togaviridae can interact
    with erythrocytes of many animal species causing hemagglutination
  • Hemadsorption is used to describe binding of erythrocytes to cells infected with hemagglutinating viruses
A

Hemagglutination and hemadsorption

39
Q

Give this method of detection of virus, viral antigens or nucleic acid:

  • In vitro method is based on the amplification of a particular nucleic acid sequence using a
    thermostable DNA polymerase and primers
A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

40
Q

Give this method of detection of virus, viral antigens or nucleic acid:

*Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
*Serum neutralization test
* Hemagglutination inhibition test
* Complement fixation tests
*Western Blotting

A

Diagnostic serology

MICROBIOLOGY LEC (5 decks)

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