Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MICROBIOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 8 - MYCOLOGY > Flashcards

TOPIC 8 - MYCOLOGY Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do you call the study of fungi?

A

Mycology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Out of 100,000 species of fungi, only about ___ are pathogenic to humans and animals.

A

200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fungi are chemoautotrophs. True or False?

A

False, chemoheterotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fungi acquire food by?

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fungi are multicellular except for ?

A

Yeasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the mode of reproductions of fungi?

A

Sexual and asexual spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fungi is eukaryotic. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fungi can undergo photosynthesis. True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In general, what are the enzymes produce by fungi?

A

Exoenzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does it mean if fungi is mutualistic?

A

It has obligatory association with other microorganisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mutualistic fungi is pathogenic. True or False?

A

False, non-pathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does it mean if fungi is saprophytic?

A

It decomposes organic matter which causes opportunistic infections in animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fungi can be parasitic. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Overgrowth of yeasts can cause ?

A

Localized lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fungi can not tolerate high osmotic pressure. True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fungi can thrive in acidic environment as low as ?

A

pH 5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the optimum pH of fungi?

A

pH 6.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

With regards to oxygen requirement, fungi is classified into? (Hint: 3 answers)

A

Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, few anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the optimum temperature for growth of fungi?

A

20 - 30 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pathogenic fungi causing systemic mycoses can tolerate what temperature?

A

37 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fungi are comparatively fast-growing on lab media. True or False?

A

False, slow-growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sterols are present in fungi. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 major components of cell wall of fungi?

A

Glucans, mannans, chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Metabolism in fungi is limited to? (Hint: 3 answers)

A

Heterotrophic, aerobic, facultative anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

These are multicellular and has two distinct phases called vegetative and reproductive phases.

A

Molds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Molds can grow as branching filaments called ?

A

Hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

These are unicellular and has two distinct phases called vegetative and reproductive phases, has oval or spherical appearance.

A

Yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A mass of threadlike filament in fungi.

A

Hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hyphae combines to make up the fungal ?

A

Mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In most molds, the hyphae contain cross-walls called ?

A

Septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In few class of fungi, the hyphae contain no septa and appear as long, continuous cells with many nuclei. What do you call this?

A

Coenocytic hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In hyphal cell wall, the predominant sterol present is ?

A

Ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In the hyphal cell of wall yeast, it contains protein complexed with polysaccharides. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hyphal cell is mainly composed of carbohydrate components including ____ micromolecules with ____ cross-linkages.

A

chitin cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Portion of hypha that obtains nutrients.

A

Vegetative hypha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Portion of hypha concerned with reproduction and projects above the surface of the medium on which the fungus is growing.

A

Aerial hypha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Between vegetative and aerial hypha, which can perform reproduction?

A

Aerial/reproductive hypha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Yeast is filamentous. True or False?

A

False, non-filamentous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the main mode of reproduction of yeasts?

A

Budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Some yeasts produce buds that fail to detach themselves. These buds form a short chain of cells called?

A

Pseudohypha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Yeasts are capable of facultative anaerobic growth. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

In yeasts, if oxygen is present, yeasts perform ____ ____ to metabolize carbohydrates into _____ and _____.

A

aerobic respiration, CO2 and H2O.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

In yeasts, if oxygen is absent, they ____ carbohydrates and produce ____ and ____.

A

ferment, ethanol and CO2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the species that produce ethanol in brewed beverages and carbon dioxide for leavening bread dough?

A

Saccharomyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What do you call the species of fungi can exhibit two forms?

A

Dimorphic fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are two forms of dimorphic fungi?

A

Moldlike form and yeastlike form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

In moldlike form of dimorphic fungi, they reproduce by budding. True or False?

A

False, yeastlike form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Fungi dimorphism is temperature dependent. At what temperature is the fungus is yeastlike?

A

37 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Fungi dimorphism is temperature dependent. At what temperature is the fungus is moldlike?

A

25 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In growth of hypha, when a fragment breaks off, it can just elongate to form a new hypha. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

In some species, mature elements at the center of colonies of molds can produce aerial hyphae. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the species of molds that can produce aerial hyphae?

A

Conidia and sporangiospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Sporangiospores are formed only by fungi in what phylum ?

A

Zygomycota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

In dermatophytes, multicellular structures called ____ are produced.

A

Microconidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

_____ are formed from the disintegration of hyphae within keratinized structures.

A

Arthroconidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Asexual division in yeasts is called?

A

Budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What are three main phyla of fungi?

A
  1. Ascomycota
  2. Basidiomycota
  3. Zygomycota
58
Q

All the three phyla of fungi are teleomorphs. True or False?

A

True (teleomorph - produce both sexual and asexual forms)

59
Q

Aside from the three 3 main phyla, there is another that has veterinary importance. What is this phyla?

A

Fungi imperfecti (Deuteromycetes)

60
Q

What is the mold that is usually present in bread and can also rapidly propagates on the surface of fruits and vegetables?

A

Rhizopus stolonifer

61
Q

Zygomycota fungi is also called as ?

A

Conjugation fungi

62
Q

Zygomycota has septate hyphae or coenocytic hyphae?

A

Coenocytic hyphae

63
Q

These are the asexual spores of Zygomycota.

A

Sporangiospores

64
Q

These are the sexual spores of Zygomycota.

A

Zygospores

65
Q

These are sac fungi.

A

Ascomycetes

66
Q

Most ascomycetes has coenocytic hyphae. True or False?

A

False, septate hyphae.

67
Q

Unicellular yeast under ascomycetes can form ____ instead of septate hyphae.

A

Pseudomycelium

68
Q

The septa present in the hyphae of ascomycetes possesses central pores called?

A

Septal pores

69
Q

In ascomycetes, spores are produced in?

A

Asci

70
Q

In ascomycetes, fertilization occurs in 2 steps. What are those?

A
  1. Plasmogamy
  2. Karyogamy
71
Q

These are club fungi.

A

Basidiomycetes

72
Q

Between the 3 phyla of fungi, which is most advanced and most commonly seen?

A

Basidiomycetes

73
Q

Basidiomycetes reproduce asexually by?

A

Basidium

74
Q

Between the 3 phyla of fungi, which is the most common decomposer of wood?

A

Basidiomycetes

75
Q

Basidiomycetes decompose what ? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

Cellulose and lignin

76
Q

Also known as fungi imperfecti

A

Deuteromycetes

77
Q

What is the artificial class of fungi?

A

Deuteromycetes

78
Q

Deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores. True or False?

A

True

79
Q

Filamentous fungi can reproduce asexually by ?

A

Fragmentation of their hyphae

80
Q

In fungi, reproduction by spore formation is through sexual only. True or False?

A

False, sexual or asexual.

81
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Motile spores; presence of flagella which help in swimming.

A

Zoospores

82
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Single cells spores formed within sacs formed at the end of a special hypha.

A

Sporangiospores

83
Q

Sporangiospores are motile and dispersed through air. True or False?

A

False, non-motile.

84
Q

Sporangiospores are formed within sacs called _____. These sacs are formed at the end of a special hypha called _____.

A

sporangium, sporangiophore

85
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Thich-walled which contain storage products.

A

Chlamydospores

86
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Single cell spores formed from cells of the vegetative hyphae by accumulation of protoplast and secretion of thick wall.

A

Chlamydospores

87
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Small or large, single cell spores formed at the tips or sides of a fungal hyphae that are produced through budding.

A

Blastoconidia

88
Q

Give an example of a fungal having blastoconidia spores.

A

Candida albicans

89
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Formed under adverse conditions and are individual cells separated from hyphae; small yeast-like.

A

Oidia

90
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Small or large, single cell spores formed at the tips or sides of a fungal hyphae.

A

Conidia

91
Q

Conidia is present in what fungal hyphae?

A

Conidiophores

92
Q

Give 2 examples of fungi having conidia spores.

A

Penicillin and aspergillus

93
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Spores which are formed and subsequently release during the process of hyphal fragmentation.

A

Arthroconidia

94
Q

Arthroconidia spores may be formed successfully as in _____ or with intervening empty cells as in _____ _____.

A

dermatophytes, Coccidioides immitis

95
Q

Different types of asexual spores: Large and small multi-celled conidia which are produced by dermatophytes in culture.

A

Macroconidia and microconidia

96
Q

Macroconidia has mitochondria while microconidia doesn’t have. True or False?

A

False, both lack mitochondria

97
Q

Give the 4 methods of asexual reproduction of fungi.

A
  1. Budding
  2. Single fission
  3. Fragmentation
  4. Spore formation
98
Q

Sexual reproduction of fungi involves fusion of compatible nuclei from 2 parent cells. True or False?

A

True

99
Q

What are the 3 phases of fungal sexual reproduction?

A
  1. Plasmogamy
  2. Karyogamy
  3. Meiosis
100
Q

Phase of fungal sexual reproduction where fusion of protoplasm occurs.

A

Plasmogamy

101
Q

Phase of fungal sexual reproduction where fusion of nucleus occurs.

A

Karyogamy

102
Q

Phase of fungal sexual reproduction where reductional nuclear division occurs.

A

Meiosis

103
Q

It is the phase of fungal sexual reproduction where anastomosis of two cells or gametes and fusion of their protoplasts takes place.

A

Plasmogamy

104
Q

In the process of plasmogamy, the two ____ nuclei of opposite sexes are together but the nuclei will not fuse.

A

Haploid

105
Q

What are the various methods by which compatible fungal nuclei are brought together in plasmogamy?

A
  1. Gametic copulation/Planogametic copulation or conjugation
  2. Gamete-gametangial copulation/Gametangial contact
  3. Gametangial copulation
  4. Somatic copulation
  5. Spermatization
106
Q

Motile gametes of fungis are called ?

A

Planogametes

107
Q

Type of sexual reproduction: The fusion of two gametes, one or both of which are motile is called ?

A

Planogametic copulat
ion

108
Q

What are the 3 different types of planogametic copulation?

A
  1. Isogamy
  2. Anisogamy
  3. Heterogamy
109
Q

Type of planogametic copulation: Morphologically similar but compatible type of gametes unite to form a motile zygote.

A

Isogamy

110
Q

Type of planogametic copulation: Union of one larger gamete with another smaller gamete.

A

Anisogamy

111
Q

Both isogamy and anisogamy copulation form a motile zygote. True or False?

A

True

112
Q

The zygote resulting from isogamous or anisogamous planogametic copulation forms what?

A

Resting sporangium

113
Q

Give an example of a fungal specie that copulate through anisogamy.

A

Blastocladiales

114
Q

Type of planogametic copulation: A non-motile female gamete is fertilized by a motile male gamete.

A

Heterogamy/Oogamy

115
Q

Other term for non-motile female gamete in fungis

A

Oosphere

116
Q

A non-motile female gamete is fertilized by a motile male gamete. This results in the formation of ____, a resistant structure and resting spore.

A

Oospores

117
Q

Oospores germinate and produce mycelium indirectly. True or False?

A

False, directly.

118
Q

Give an example of a fungal specie that copulate through heterogamy.

A

Chytridiomycetes

119
Q

Type of sexual reproduction: In this method, the male and female gamete come in contact tand ne or more nuclei from the male gamete enter the female gamete.

A

Gametangial contact

120
Q

In gametangial contact, once the male gamete releases its nuclei, the oogonium dissolves in the intervening wall through a pore or through a _____.

A

Fertilization tube

121
Q

Gametangial contact: In no case the gametangia actually fuse or lose their identity during the sexual act. True or False?

A

True

122
Q

Type of sexual reproduction: This is a process of fusion of entire contents of the two mating gametangia.

A

Gametangial copulation

123
Q

What are the two types of gametangial copulation ?

A
  1. Anisogametangial copulation
  2. Isogamous copulation
124
Q

Type of gametangial copulation where fusion between unequal gametangia occurs.

A

Anisogametangial copulation

125
Q

In anisogametangial copulation, the zygote forms ?

A

Resting sporangium

126
Q

Give an example of fungal specie that performs anisogametangial copulation.

A

Chytridiomycetes (aquatic fungi)

127
Q

Type of gametangial copulation where two morphologically similar gametangial hyphae come in contact, the wall at the point of contact dissolves and the contents mix in the cell thus formed.

A

Isogamous copulation

128
Q

Isogamous copulation results in the formation of ?

A

Zygospore

129
Q

Some fungi like rusts bear numerous minute, non-motile uninucleate, male cells called ?

A

Spermatia

130
Q

Spermatia are produced in spiral receptacles called ?

A

Spermagonia

131
Q

Type of sexual reproduction: A pore develops at the point of contact and the contents of spermatium pass into the particular respective hyphae.

A

Spermatization

132
Q

It is a special receptive hypha where spermatia attaches.

A

Trichogyne

133
Q

Type of sexual reproduction: No sex organs are produced and somatic cells function as gametes.

A

Somatogamy

134
Q

Somatogamy is common in what species of fungi?

A

Ascomycota and basidiomycota

135
Q

Types of sexual spores: Non-meiotic spores produce inside special sacs called asci.

A

Ascospores

136
Q

Ascospores are produced by members of what fungal family?

A

Ascomycota

137
Q

Types of sexual spores: Non-motile meiospore formed on short outgrowths of club-shaped structures called basidium.

A

Basidiospores

138
Q

Types of sexual spores: Large, thick-walled spores formed at the tips of 2 sexually compatible hyphae.

A

Zygospore

139
Q

Zygospores are produced by members of what fungal family?

A

Zygomycota

140
Q

Types of sexual spores: Spores formed within a specialized female structure (oogonium) after fertilization of eggs by male gametes formed in an antheridium.

A

Oospores

MICROBIOLOGY LEC (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions