Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MICROBIOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 1 + TOPIC 2 > Flashcards

TOPIC 1 + TOPIC 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A theory that states that a disease is attributed to the wrath of divine spirits for the punishment of individual sins; supernatural inflictions of disease.

A

Theurgical Theory of Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This theory states that all disease was due to the emanations from the earth, the influence of the starts, the moon, the winds, the waters, and the seasons.

A

Miasmatic Theory of Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This theory states that there is relationship of disease with different waters, changes in temperture, moisture and the direction of wind.

A

Miasmatic Theory of Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This theory states that the imbalance of the four elements (fire, air, water, and earth) and the four qualities (heat, cold, moisture, and dryness) corresponded to the four fluids or humors of the body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile).

A

Miasmatic Theory of Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This theory states that a disease is caused by infections of pathogenic microorganisms. Pasteur and Koch are the main contributors of this theory.

A

Germ Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This theory was derived from observtion n epidemics such as plague, syphilis, and typhus in man. It also sttes that a disease was attributed to contagion by contact, by fomite and at a distance.

A

Contagion Theory (Fracastoro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Koch’s Postulates?

A
  • The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
  • The pathogen must be isolated and grown in pure culture
  • The cultured pathogen must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible experimental host
  • THe same pathogen must be isolated from the diseased experimental host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 5 Kingdom Classification System?

A
  1. Animalia (Vertebrates and invertebrates)
  2. Plantae
  3. Protista
  4. Monera (Bacteria)
  5. Fungi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 10 characeristics of living organisms?

A
  1. The ability to reproduce and transmit characteristics to its offspring.
  2. The capacity to grow
  3. Adaptation to environment change
  4. Response to stimulant
  5. Definite body organization
  6. Definite chemical composition
  7. Capable of moving
  8. Life span and development
  9. Life cycle
  10. Constant energy requriement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The response towards a stimulus

A

Tropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The response to light

A

Phototropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Terms: Use of bacteria on various industry

A

Biotechnology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Terms: The use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms or other form of life to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean up a polluted site (use of bacteria on toxic wastes).

A

Bioremediation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What percentage of microorganisms is beneficial?

A

87%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Terms: Diverse collection of microorganisms in the ocean or large bodies of water

A

Planktons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Terms: A type of heterotrophic plankton that range from microscopic organisms to large species, such a jellyfish

A

Zooplanktons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Terms: Microscopic plants that live in the ocean

A

Phytoplanktons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What percentage of microorganisms is opportunistic?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage of microorganisms is harmful?

A

3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal indigenous ___ or ___ are present in the skin, intestinal tract, and mouth.

A

Microflora, microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The system of scientifically naming organisms developed by Carl Linnaeus.

A

Binomial Classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Epithets describes the ___.

A

Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Binomial nomeclature consists two names. These are ?

A

Descriptors and epithets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Descriptors describes the ___.

A

Genus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It is one of the basic systems of classification comprising animalia, plantar, monera, fungi, and protista.

A

5 Kingdom System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 domains in the domain system?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The length of bacteria varies from?

A

2 um to 8 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The diameter of bacteria ranges from?

A

0.2 to 2.0 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A coating that covers the outside of prokaryotic cells that provide a protective coat

A

Glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

General term ued for substances that surround the cells

A

Glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bacterial glycocalyx is composed of?

A

Polysaccharide and polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Thin structure lying inside the cell wall and enclosing the cytoplasm of the cell and is consists primarily of phospholipids.

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

___ are important in contributing to bacterial virulence.

A

Capsules

27
Q

The site of action of penicillin in a bacteria is at?

A

Cell wall

27
Q

A bacteria that has a capsule of D-glutamic acid.

A

Bacillus anthracis

28
Q

Prevents the bacterial cells from rupturing, helps maintain the shape of the cell, point of anchorage for flagella, contributes to the ability of some species to cause disease.

A

Cell wall

29
Q

Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria.

A

Flagella

30
Q

It is a filament that sticks to the body of bacteria capable of motility.

A

Axial Filaments

30
Q

Bacteria that lack flagella

A

Atrichous

31
Q

The flagellar protein useful for distinguishing among serovars or variations.

A

H-antigens

32
Q

Causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

33
Q

Causative agent of Lyme Disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

33
Q

It is a hair-like appendages that can be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the cell.

(Specific function is not included in the PPT)

A

Fimbriae

34
Q

Usually longer than fimbriae and is singular or can be up to two per cell. Also involved in motility and DNA transfer.

A

Pili

35
Q

Transfer of DNA from one cell to another is also known as ?

A

Conjugation

36
Q

It contains the bacterial chromosome.

A

Nucleoid

36
Q

Bacterial chromosomes are not surrrounded by nuclear envelope and has histones. True or False?

A

False, no histones

37
Q

Refers to the substance of the cell inside the plasma membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

38
Q

3 major sructurers in bacterial cytoplasm

A
  1. Nucleoid
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Inclusions
39
Q

Bacteria often contain small usually circular,double stranded DNA molecules called ___.

A

Plasmids

39
Q

Endosporers are not a means of reproduction. True or False?

A

True

39
Q

Plasmids are connected to the main bacterial chromosome. True or False?

A

False

39
Q

It is where protein synthesis takes place.

A

Ribosomes

40
Q

What is the size of prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

70S

40
Q

Several kinds of reserve deposits in the cytoplasm.

A

Inclusion

40
Q

What is the size of the subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

30S - 50S

40
Q

Specialized “resting” cells formed by gram-positive bacteria when essential nutrients are depleted.

A

Endospores

41
Q

A large amount of an organic acid contained in endospore; protects the endospore DNA against damage.

A

Dipicolinic acid

42
Q

Process in which an endospore returns to its vegetative state.

A

Germination

43
Q

Most vegetative cells can be killed with temp above ___.

A

70 C

44
Q

Endospores are thermophilic. True or False?

A

True

45
Q

Spherical bacteria in groups of 8 in cubical pockets (octads)

A

Sarcinae

46
Q

Round bacteria in pairs; remain in pairs after dividing

A

Diplococci

47
Q

Spherical bacteria in chains

A

Streptococci

48
Q

Cocci-shaped bacteria that divides in 2 planes and remain in groups of 4.

A

Tetrads

49
Q

In-paired bacilli

A

Diplobacilli

50
Q

Bacterial rods in chain

A

Streptobacilli

50
Q

Short rods bacteria

A

Coccobacilli

51
Q

Salmonella typhosa is what shape of bacteria?

A

Bacilli with rounded ends

52
Q

Bacillus antharacis is what shape of bacteria?

A

Bacilli with square ends

52
Q

C. diphtheria is what shape of bacteria?

A

Club-shape bacilli

53
Q

Type of bacilli that usually do no separate and tend to form “long threads”

A

Filamentous bacilli

54
Q

Shape of bacteria that is a curved rod because of its incomple twist.

A

Vibroid/comma-shape

54
Q

Loosely-curved bacteria, have helical shape like a cork-screw and fairly rigid bodies wth flagella

A

Spirilla

55
Q

Tightly coiled bacteria, flexible with axial filaments

A

Spirochetes

55
Q

Star-shaped bacteria

A

Genus Stella

56
Q

Flat rectangular shape bacteria

A

Halophilic Archaea

57
Q

Bacteria that maintian a single shape

A

Monomorphic

58
Q

Bacteria that have many shapes

A

Pleomorphic

59
Q

Give 2 examples of pleomorphic bacteria.

A

Rhizobium and corynebacterium

MICROBIOLOGY LEC (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions