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MICROBIOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 9 - VIROLOGY > Flashcards

TOPIC 9 - VIROLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What year when the use of word virus started ?

A

1930’s

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2
Q

Virus is Latin word for ?

A

Poison

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3
Q

Initial term for virus

A

contagium vivum fluidum

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4
Q

He showed that infected sap remained infectious even after filtering through the finest chamberland filters; in 1892

A

Dmitri Ivanovsky

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5
Q

He first described tobacco mosaic disease could be
transferred between plants; in 1886

A

Adolf Mayer

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6
Q

He also demonstrated the filterability of the agent; realized that the disease could be used for serial transmission of disease without loss of potency; in 1898

A

Martinus Beijerinck

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7
Q

They identified the first filterable agent from animals, the virus of FMD; 1898

A

Loeffler & Frosch

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8
Q

Approximately how big is a virus?

A

20 - 300 nm

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9
Q

Viruses absolutely require living host cells in order to
multiply hence they are called ?

A

Obligatory intracellular parasites

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10
Q

Viruses have few or no enzymes of their own for metabolism. True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

Viruses can contain both DNA or RNA. True or False?

A

False, only a single type of nucleic acid.

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12
Q

Viruses have a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid. True or False?

A

True

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13
Q

Viruses have plasma membrane. True or Falsee?

A

False

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14
Q

Viruses divide by binary fission. True or False?

A

False

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15
Q

Viruses can pass through biological filters. True or False?

A

True

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16
Q

Viruses have ATP-generating metabolism. True or False?

A

False

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17
Q

Viruses have ribosomes. True or False?

A

False

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18
Q

Viruses are sensitive to antibiotics. True or False?

A

False

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19
Q

Viruses are sensitive to interferon. True or False?

A

True

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20
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Double-stranded DNA
Nonenveloped
70-90 nm
Medium-size
Respiratory infections in humans; some cause tumors in animals

A

Adenoviridae

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21
Q

Mastadenovirus belongs to what viral family?

A

Adenoviridae

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22
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Double stranded DNA
40-57 nm
Nonenveloped
Small-size
Cause warts, cervical cancer, anal cancer in humans

A

Papovaviridae

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23
Q

Papillomavirus (human wart virus) and Polyomavirus belongs to what viral family?

A

Papovaviridae

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24
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Double stranded DNA
Enveloped
200-350 nm
Very large
Complex, brick-shaped viruses
Smallpox (variola, molloscum, contagiosum (wartlike skin lesion) and cowpox

A

Poxviridae

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25
Q

Orthopoxvirus (vaccinia and smallpox viruses) and Molluscipoxvirus belongs to what viral family?

A

Poxviridae

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26
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Double stranded DNA
Enveloped
150-200 nm
Medium-sized
Fever blisters, chickenpox, shingles, infectious mononucleosis (Burkitt’s lymphoma)

A

Herpesviridae

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27
Q

Identify the viral family:

> Single-stranded RNA
Nonenveloped
18-25 nm
Smallest
Fifth disease;
anemia in immunocompromised patients

A

Parvoviridae

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28
Q

Human parvovirus B19 belongs to what viral family?

A

Parvoviridae

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29
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Double stranded RNA
Non-enveloped
60-80 nm
Generally mild respiratory infections transmitted by arthropods
Colorado tick fever is the best-known

A

Reoviridae

30
Q

Reovirus and Rotavirus belong to what viral family?

A

Reoviridae

31
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA + Strand
Nonenveloped
28-30 nm
Polio-, coxsackie-, and echoviruses
Hand-foot-mouth virus
More than 100 viruses exist
Most common cause of colds

A

Picornaviridae

32
Q

Enterovirus, Rhinovirus (common cold virus), and Hepatitis A virus belong to what viral family?

A

Picornaviridae

33
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA + Strand
Nonenveloped
35-40 nm
Gastroenteritis
Hepatitis E

A

Caliciviridae

34
Q

Hepatitis E virus and Norovirus belongs to what viral family?

A

Caliciviridae

35
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA + Strand
Enveloped
60-70 nm
Includes many viruses transmitted by arthropods
Eastern equine encephalitis
Western equine encephalitis
Chikungunya
Rubella virus

A

Togaviridae

36
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA + Strand
Enveloped
40-50 nm
Can replicate in arthropods that transmit them
Yellow fever, dengue, Zika and West Nile encephalitis

A

Flaviviridae

37
Q

Flavivirus, Pestivirus & Hepatitis C virus belong to what family?

A

Flaviviridae

38
Q

Alphavirus & Rubivirus belongs to what viral family?

A

Togaviridae

39
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA + Strand
Enveloped
80-160 nm
Upper respiratory tract infections and the common cold

A

Coronaviridae

40
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA - Strand
Enveloped
70-180 nm
Bullet-shaped viruses with a spike enveloped
Rabies & numerous animal diseases

A

Rhabdoviridae

41
Q

Vesiculovirus and Lyssavirus (rabies virus) belong to what family?

A

Rhabdoviridae

42
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA - Strand
Enveloped
80-14,000 nm
Helical viruses
Ebola and Marburg viruses

43
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA - Strand
Enveloped
150-300 nm
Parainfluenza, mumps and Newcastle Disease

A

Paramyxoviridae

44
Q

Paramyxovirus Morbillivirus (measles virus) belongs to what viral family?

A

Paramyxoviridae

45
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single stranded RNA - Strand
Virusoid or satellite RNA
Enveloped
32 nm nm
Depends on coinfection with hepadnavirus

A

Deltaviridae

46
Q

Hepatitis D belongs to what viral family?

A

Deltaviridae

47
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Multiple strands of RNA
Enveloped
80-200 nm
Enveloped spikes can agglutinate RBC

A

Orthomyxoviridae

48
Q

Influenza virus A, B, and C belong to what viral family ?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

49
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Multiple strands of RNA
Enveloped
90-120 nm
Hemorrhagic fevers such as Korean hemorrhagic fever and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Associated with rodents

A

Bunyaviridae

50
Q

Bunyavirus (California encephalitis virus) and Hantavirus belong to what viral family?

A

Bunyaviridae

51
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Multiple strands of RNA
Enveloped
110-130 nm
Helical capsids contain RNA-containing granules
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever

A

Arenaviridae

52
Q

Arenavirus belongs to what viral family?

A

Arenaviridae

53
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Single-stranded RNA, Produce DNA
Enveloped
100-120 nm
Includes all RNA tumor viruses
Oncoviruses cause leukemia and tumors in animals

A

Retroviridae

54
Q

Oncoviruses and Lentivirus (HIV) belong to what viral family?

A

Retroviridae

55
Q

Identifiy the viral family:

> Double-stranded RNA, Use Reverse Transcriptase
Enveloped
42 nm
After protein synthesis, hepatitis B virus uses reverse transcriptase to produce its DNA from mRNA
Hepatitis B and liver tumors

A

Hepadnaviridae

56
Q

Hepadnavirus (Hepatitis B virus) belongs to what viral family?

A

Hepadnaviridae

57
Q

The spectrum of host cells the virus can infect.

A

Host range

58
Q

Viruses that infect bacteria.

A

Bacteriophage/phage

59
Q

Particular host range of virus is determined by virus’s requirements (specific receptor on surface of the cell) For animal viruses, the receptor sites are on ____ ____.

A

Plasma membranes

60
Q

A complete, fully
developed viral particle composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a coat.

61
Q

The protein coat
surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus

62
Q

Subunits of capsid

A

Capsomeres

63
Q

Classification of viruses is based on type of ____ ____ and strategy for ____.

A

nucleic acid; replication

64
Q

_____ are the easiest viruses to grow.

A

Bacteriophage

65
Q

In growing bacteriophges in laborator, all the bacteria in the area surrounding the original virus are destroyed. This produces a number of clearings, or ____, visible against a lawn of bacterial growth on the surface of the Agar.

66
Q

The methods involved in growing animal viruses in the laboratory are ?

A
  1. Using living animals
  2. Embryonated eggs
  3. Cell cultures
67
Q

What are the viruses included in embryonated egg sample if it’s chorioallantoic membrane inoculation?

A
  1. Herpes simplex virus
  2. Poxvirus
  3. Rous sarcoma virus
68
Q

What are the viruses included in embryonated egg sample if it’s amniotic inoculation?

A
  1. Influenza virus
  2. Mumps virus
69
Q

What are the viruses included in embryonated egg sample if it’s yolk sac inoculation?

A
  1. Herpes simplex virus
70
Q

What are the viruses included in embryonated egg sample if it’s allantoic inoculation?

A
  1. Influenza virus
  2. Mumps virus
  3. Newcastle diseases virus
  4. Avian adenovirus
71
Q

Viruses can’t be seen
without the use of an ____ microscope.

72
Q

What are the viral identification methods?

A
  1. Western blotting
  2. Observation of cytopathic effects (CPE)
  3. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs)
  4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

MICROBIOLOGY LEC (5 decks)

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