Topic 9- Ecosystems and Material Cycles Flashcards
Species is…
Organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offsprings
Organisms are …
A living thing
Population …
A group of organisms that all belong to the same species
Community…
All the organisms that live in a particular habitat
Habitat…
Where an organism lives
Niche…
The role an organism has in its environment (where it lives, what it does, what it eats)
Ecosystem…
All the living things within a given area interacting with one another
Environment…
All living things and non living things (weather, rocks ect.) in a given area
Trophies level is…
A stage or level of animals/organisms in a food chain or web which an organism is feeding
Consumer is…
An organism which eats the pervious trophic level to gain energy
An organism which feeds on another organism
Trophic level one is…
An autotroph because it will make its own food
Order of food chain (eg.owl)
- Producer eg. Plant
- Herbivore/consumer eg. Insect
- Omnivore/consumer eg. Mouse
- Carnivore/consumer eg. Owl
A food chain…
Shows the path of energy from one living thing to another
Energy is lost each trophic level through…
Life processes, respiration (in mitochondria + include equation) used to transfer energy for movement, heat ect. which is not past onto the next trophic level
Energy stored as biomass which makes new cells to grow ect.
Also not all the organism may be consumed/eaten by the consumer
Not all the organism can be digested which becomes waste (faeces)
Biomass is…
The mass of living materials are that makes up an organism
Energy is stored in this material
Food chains and webs rarely have more than 4 to 5 trophic levels because…
If chains were longer there would not be an efficient amount of energy passed on for the organism in the higher trophic levels to survive
Energy is lost through trophic levels (see other revision card)
Efficiency calculation
Efficiency = energy transferred to the next trophic level / energy available at previous trophies level
X 100
An abiotic factor is…
An environmental factor that may have an effect on yliving organisms
Also non living
Eg…
A biotic factor is…
Caused by a living organism having an effect on another organism
Eg…
Examples of abiotic factors are…
Air temperature
Water availability
Light intensity
Levels of pollutants
Examples of biotic factors are…
Competition
Predation
Increased temperature affects on animal and plant population
Animal… may change distribution of animals
eg. Birds may migrate to warmer countries
Plants… may not be able to withstand higher temperatures, enzymes may denature and plants may die
