Topic 9 - Chromosomal Rearrangements

Question 1

A mutation that results in the loss of a chromosome segment.

Answer 1

Deletions

Question 2

Expression of a normally recessive gene due to deletion of the dominant gene.

Answer 2

Pseudodominance

Question 3

Mutation that results in a chromosome segment that is turned 180 degrees.

Answer 3

Inversions

Question 4

An inversion that does not include the centromere.

Answer 4

Paracentric Inversion

Question 5

An inversion that includes the centromere.

Answer 5

Pericentric Inversion

Question 6

Mutations that cause some loss or duplication of information.

Answer 6

Unbalanced Mutation

Question 7

Mutation in which part of the chromosome has been doubled.

Answer 7

Duplication

Question 8

Duplicated region is next to each other.

Answer 8

Tandem Duplication

Question 9

Duplicated region is spread out.

Answer 9

Dispersed Duplication

Question 10

Genetic variation that results from duplication.

Answer 10

Copy Number Variants (CNVs)

Question 11

The amount of a gene expressed within a genome.

Answer 11

Gene Dosage

Question 12

Evolutionarily related genes with a similar sequence.

Answer 12

Homologs

Question 13

Homologs in one species that arise from duplication followed by a point mutation to change the function.

Answer 13

Paralogs

Question 14

Multiple copies of similar genes in a genome made up of paralogs.

Answer 14

Gene Families

Question 15

Homologs between species, mostly evolved from a common ancestor.

Answer 15

Orthologs

Question 16

When a duplication leads to a gene with the ancestral function and a gene with a new function.

Answer 16

Neofunctionalization

Question 17

When a duplication leads to the original gene getting split into two genes.

Answer 17

Subfunctionalization

Question 18

A link between two chromosomes that arises in paracentric crossing over, resulting one one gene with two centromeres and one with no centromeres.

Answer 18

Dicentric Bridge

Question 19

When individuals with the same mutation mate with each other, resulting in offspring with the same mutation.

Answer 19

Speciation

Question 20

Mutation that results in the movement of part of one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome.

Answer 20

Translocation

Question 21

A translocation that results in both chromosomes exchanging genetic information.

Answer 21

Reciprocal Translocation

Question 22

A translocation that results in one chromosome exchanging genetic information.

Answer 22

Nonreciprocal Translocation

Question 23

A reciprocal translocation between two acrocentric chromosomes, resulting in one large gene and one fragment.

Answer 23

Robertsonian Translocation

Question 24

Repetitive sequences in DNA that aid in recombination between nonhomologous chromosomes.

Answer 24

Dispersed Repeats

Question 25

Genes that are able to move themselves to different parts of the genome.

Answer 25

Transposable Elements

Question 26

A DNA based TE that cuts out the sequence and pastes it into a different location.

Answer 26

DNA Transposons

Question 27

Enzyme encodes by DNA transposons that cuts the sequence out of the DNA.

Answer 27

Transposase

Question 28

RNA based TE that causes an RNA strand to be made from the transposon sequence which is then copied and inserted into a new part of the sequence.

Answer 28

Retrotransposons

Question 29

Enzyme used in TE to insert the DNA into other parts of the genome.

Answer 29

Integrase

Question 30

Enzyme produced by retrotransposons to convert cDNA into RNA.

Answer 30

Reverse Transcriptase

Question 31

A TE that is capable of moving itself.

Answer 31

Autonomous Transposon

Question 32

A TE that can no longer code for its own enzymes and uses enzymes from other TEs to move.

Answer 32

Nonautonomous Transposon

Question 33

Additional nucleotides that are inserted along with the TE.

Answer 33

Flanking Direct Repeats

Question 34

The order of genes on chromosomes that is shared across a related species.

Answer 34

Synteny

Question 35

A chromosomal mutation that results in more than 2 sets of a species haploid number due to diploid gametes.

Answer 35

Autopolyploidy

Question 36

3n

Answer 36

Triploids

Question 37

4n

Answer 37

Tetraploids

Question 38

5n

Answer 38

Pentaploids

Question 39

An individual with multiple genes from different species, hybrids.

Answer 39

Allopolyploidy

Question 40

Changes in the number of individual chromosomes.

Answer 40

Aneuploidy

Question 41

2n-2

Answer 41

Nullisomy

Question 42

2n-1

Answer 42

Monosomy

Question 43

2n+1

Answer 43

Trisomy

Question 44

2n+2

Answer 44

Tetrasomy