Topic 11 - Eukaryotic Regulation Flashcards
Trans-acting regulatory transcription factors in eukaryotes.
Specific Transcription Factors
Cis-acting specific regulatory sequence that TFs bind to.
Response Element
DNA binding domain that interacts with basal transcription factors.
Activation Domain
When a repressor binds to the activator, preventing it from binding to the DNA.
Quenching
Gal80 is the specific transcription factor, Gal4 is a repressor, Gal3 is an activator.
Galactose Metabolism in Yeast
Gal80 binds to the activation domain of Gal4, preventing activation.
No Galactose Present
Gal3 binds to Gal80 which then moves out of the nucleus.
Galactose Present
Positive, cis-acting regulatory TF binding site.
Enhancer
Negative, cis-acting regulatory TF binding site.
Silencer
Insulator proteins bind at insulator site to bring enhancers and silencers closer and further from the transcription site.
Chromatin Loops
Protein that that promotes splicing of a particular exon.
Exonic Splicing Enhancers
Protein that prevents splicing of a particular exon.
Exonic Splicing Silencers
When proteins detect premature stop codons and degrade the mRNA by removing the 5’ cap.
Nonsense Mediated Decay
Using alternative splicing and regulatory proteins to make mRNA that is capable of making a protein or mRNA that is defective.
Alternative Splicing Regulation
Addition of acetyl groups to histones that results in loosely packed DNA with high transcription.
Acetylation
Addition of methyl groups to histones that results in tightly packed DNA with little or no transcription.
Methylation
A nucleosome repositioning complex that relies on ATP to move nucleosomes allowing for transcription to occur.
SWI/SNF
Acetylation of histone tails weakens the interaction between DNA and histones.
Histone Acetylation
Enzyme that add acetyl groups to histones.
Histone Acetyltransferase
Enzyme that remove acetyl groups from histones.
Histone Deacetylase
Addition of methyl groups to histones resulting in tightly packed nucleosomes.
Histone Methylation
Addition of methyl groups to Cytosine bases resulting in the blocking of the major groove.
DNA Methylation
Enzyme that adds methyl groups to DNA.
DNA Methyltransferase
DNA region that contains many copies of a cytosine base followed by a guanine base (5’ to 3’); often found near transcription start sites in eukaryotic DNA.
CpG Island
