Topic 8B: Genome Project Flashcards
What is a genome?
Entire set of DNA, including genes in an organism
Genome sequences only work on…
fragments of DNA
How do you sequence the entire genome of an organism?
- You chop it up into smaller pieces
- smaller pieces are sequenced
- then they are put back in order
- gives you the sequence of the whole genome
What is the Human Genome Project?
Mapped the entire sequence of the human genome for the first time.
What is a proteome?
All the proteins made by it
Why is bacteria relatively easy to determine its proteome from DNA sequence for its genome?
because bacteria doesn’t have much non-coding DNA (introns)
Where is sequencing genome useful?
In medical research and development.
For example identifying the protein antigens on the surface of disease-causing bacteria and viruses can help in the development of vaccines to prevent the disease.
Why is it harder to translate genomes in complex organisms?
- contain large sections of non-coding DNA
- contain complex regulatory genes
- hard to find the bits that code for proteins among these two things
What is a complex regulatory gene?
Determines when the gene that codes for particular protein is switched on and off.
What was sequencing like in the past?
methods were:
- labour-intensive
- only done in small scale
What is sequencing like now?
- more cost effective
- done in large scale
