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BIOL 241 FINALS > TOPIC 8 Thermoregulation > Flashcards

TOPIC 8 Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

It is the balance between external and internal environments which can be regulated through homeostatic control

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2
Q

what feedback mechanism opposes the change?

A

negative feedback mechanism

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3
Q

what is a positive feedback mechanism

A

a mechanism that amplifies the change and does not stop until the stimulus is removed

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4
Q

what are the 3 components of feedback mechanisms?

A

sensor, integrator, and effector

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5
Q

what is an effector?

A

it is a physiological change triggered by the integrator in response to the stimuli (either decreasing or increasing the physiological variable)

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6
Q

what is a sensor?

A

a sensor is an organ that detects environmental changes

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7
Q

what is an integrator

A

an integrator is what decides whether a physiological change must be made by comparing the environmental change with the set point;
it activates the effector

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8
Q

what is body heat generated by?

A

metabolism

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9
Q

what is controlled in order to regulate body heat

A

the rate of heat exchange between internal and external (conductance)

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10
Q

what is a homeotherm

A

a homeotherm maintains constant body temperature; Tb is independent from Ta

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11
Q

what is a heterotherm

A

an organism with fluctuating internal temperature that is reliant on the evironment

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12
Q

what is an endotherm

A

an endotherm is an organism that thermoregulates and uses body heat to conserve energy

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13
Q

what is an ectotherm

A

an ectotherm is an organism that does not thermoregulate and is reliant on Ta

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14
Q

do either ectotherms or endotherms produce body heat?

A

both produce body heat but ectotherms do not use that heat

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15
Q

when can an ectotherm be a homeotherm?

A

when the organism is in an environment with constant temperature

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16
Q

what happens to enzymes that aid metabolism at high temperatures?

A

they become denatured

17
Q

what happens to enzymes that catalyze metabolism at low temperatures?

A

they are inactive

18
Q

what is the range of temperature where thermoregulation does not occur?

A

thermal neutral zone

19
Q

what do you call an environmental change that triggers a response?

A

a stimulus

20
Q

where can integrators be found in most animals?

A

in the central nervous system or the endocrine system

21
Q

what is the integrator for temperature control in animals?

A

hypothalamus

22
Q

what feedback mechanism does not result in homeostasis

A

positive feedback mechanism

23
Q

where can positive feedback mechanisms often be seen

A

life-threatening conditions or in the reproductive process

24
Q

what feedback mechanism results in homeostasis?

A

negative feedback

25
Q

what feedback pathway is used for thermoregulation

A

negative feedback

26
Q

what is the reason some organisms prefer to thermoregulate?

A

this keeps the temperature at optimal levels for organisms to move quickly, digest food efficiently, etc, helping organisms maintain the optimal level of organismal performance

27
Q

how do ectotherms regulate body temperature?

A

by controlling their conductance

28
Q

what is an advantage of endotherms over ectotherms?

A

endotherms can be more active in a broader range of temperature than ectotherms

29
Q

what is an advantage of ectotherms over endotherms?

A

they don’t need a constant supply of energy to maintain their body temperature

30
Q

which would eat more, an endotherm or an ectotherm assuming they are the same size and why?

A

an endotherm because they need more energy to thermoregulate

31
Q

what happens to the metabolic rate of endotherms at low temperatures?

A

it increases to generate extra body heat

BIOL 241 FINALS (6 decks)

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