energy budgets

Question 1

less energy per gram greater absolute energy

Answer 1

large organisms

Question 2

greater energy per gram, less absolute energy

Answer 2

small organisms

Question 3

which needs more energy? endotherms or ectotherms

Answer 3

endotherms

Question 4

1 kilo cal is how many kilo joules

Answer 4

4.2 kJ

Question 5

1 cal is how many joules

Answer 5

4.2

Question 6

what is surface area in organisms

Answer 6

skin/membrane

Question 7

what is volume in organisms

Answer 7

mass

Question 8

what is proportional to length squared

Answer 8

surface area

Question 9

what is proportional to length cubed

Answer 9

volume

Question 10

do larger or smaller organisms have greater surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 10

smaller organisms

Question 11

do larger or smaller organisms have smaller surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 11

larger organism

Question 12

The surface area:volume ratio trend (in terms of organism size)

Answer 12

reduces as the size of the organism increases

Question 13

how does surface area to volume ratio affect organisms

Answer 13

higher surface area to volume ratio allows small organisms to rely on simple diffusion to survive; the higher the surface area to volume ratio the more effective diffusion is

larger organisms need specific organs just to facilitate substance exchange

Question 14

what adaptation did larger organisms adapt to overcome their small surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 14

they maintain huge internal surface area to exchange matter/energy with the environment
- highly branched circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems
ex. humans have coils of intestine

humans need 25x surface area of the skin

Question 15

Surface area is how much proportional to mass

Answer 15

2/3

Question 16

purpose of surface area in organisms

Answer 16

to exchange matter and generate energy through membranes (surface area)

Question 17

how is small surface area to volume ratio advantageous to large organisms

Answer 17

it helps with heat retention; heat is produced by the entire volume and lost through surface area so the greater the ratio the more heat is stored

Question 18

disadvantage of small surface area to volume ratios in large organisms

Answer 18

inefficient nutrient exchange and energy generation

Question 19

how much of the skin do humans have to account for through internal organs

Answer 19

25x

Question 20

Y=aMᵇ , when b is 1

Answer 20

isometric

Question 21

Y=aMᵇ, when b is 0

Answer 21

Y is independent to M, aspect of biology is not correlated to mass

Question 22

Y=aMᵇ, what does every variable stand for

Answer 22

Y = any aspect of biology
a = value of Y per unit mass
M = mass
b = scaling exponent

Question 23

Y=aMᵇ , when value of b is anything other than 1 and 0

Answer 23

it is allometric

Question 24

why do we use log transformations for allometry

Answer 24

so that we can see the line and trend clearer; data normalization

Question 25

formula for log graphs

Answer 25

logY = log a + b logX
a and b are constants; b scaling coefficient

Question 26

positive allometry (hyperallometry)

Answer 26

one dimension increases and the other increases with greater proportion; b > 1