TOPIC 10 reproduction

Question 1

what are life history traits

Answer 1

traits that have been passed on to offsprings that have been shaped by natural selection - traits that have been successful for previous generations

Question 2

what determines life history traits

Answer 2

the environment

Question 3

what causes trade-offs?

Answer 3

fixed energy budgets and the environment

Question 4

what is indeterminate growth

Answer 4

growth in organisms that continue throughout the lifespan

Question 5

what is determinate growth

Answer 5

a type of growth in organisms that stops at a certain age - having an adults state

Question 6

what type of growth do ectotherms experience?

Answer 6

indeterminate growth

Question 7

what type of growth do endotherms experience?

Answer 7

determinate growth

Question 8

what type of reproduction produces clones

Answer 8

asexual reproduction

Question 9

what process do prokaryotes go through to replicate their genome

Answer 9

binary fission

Question 10

what process do eukaryotes go through to replicate their genome?

Answer 10

mitosis

Question 11

what form of reproduction produces recombinants (combined genomes)?

Answer 11

sexual reproduction

Question 12

are prokaryotes able to sexually reproduce?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

what do you produce when you combine gametes

Answer 13

zygote

Question 14

which would have higher passive parental care? a duck laying 10 eggs with 100 units of energy each or a salmon that lays 1000 eggs each with 1 unit of energy

Answer 14

neither because the energy they used to produce these offsprings are the same

Question 15

differentiate passive and active parental care

Answer 15

passive parental care is the energy put into offspring while active parental care is energy put into offspring after birth

Question 16

what reproductive pattern describes organisms that devote all their energy into a single reproductive event

Answer 16

semelparity

Question 17

what reproductive pattern describes organisms that reproduce more than once?

Answer 17

iteroparity

Question 18

what is the relationship between the age of maturity and the lifespan of organisms?

Answer 18

the lower the age of maturity the shorter the lifespan

Question 19

what happens to indeterminate growers when they reach the age of maturity in terms of growth rate?

Answer 19

their growth rate starts to dramatically decline with reproduction

Question 20

what are the 3 main functions that use energy?

Answer 20

growth, maintenance, and reproduction

Question 21

what are the r-selected traits?

Answer 21

short parental/offspring lifespan, early sexual maturity, semelparous, high fecundity, low parental investment, low juvenile survivorship, short lifespan, evolved to produce quickly

Question 22

what are the k-selected traits

Answer 22

long parental/offspring lifestyles, low fecundity, iteroparous, high parental investment, late sexual maturity, high juvenile survivorship, long lifespan, evolved to compete

Question 23

what is the formula of lx and what does it tell us

Answer 23

nx/no it tells us the fraction of the cohor still alive

Question 24

what is the formula for sx and what does it represent.

Answer 24

nx-1/nx it shows us the number of survivors every period

Question 25

what does a type 1 survivorship curve tell us

Answer 25

that the mortality rate of organisms in juvenile years is very low but drastically decreases at a certain age (after maturity)

Question 26

what does a type 2 survivorship curve tell u

Answer 26

that the organism has a steady mortality rate throughout their lives