TOPIC 10 reproduction Flashcards
what are life history traits
traits that have been passed on to offsprings that have been shaped by natural selection - traits that have been successful for previous generations
what determines life history traits
the environment
what causes trade-offs?
fixed energy budgets and the environment
what is indeterminate growth
growth in organisms that continue throughout the lifespan
what is determinate growth
a type of growth in organisms that stops at a certain age - having an adults state
what type of growth do ectotherms experience?
indeterminate growth
what type of growth do endotherms experience?
determinate growth
what type of reproduction produces clones
asexual reproduction
what process do prokaryotes go through to replicate their genome
binary fission
what process do eukaryotes go through to replicate their genome?
mitosis
what form of reproduction produces recombinants (combined genomes)?
sexual reproduction
are prokaryotes able to sexually reproduce?
no
what do you produce when you combine gametes
zygote
which would have higher passive parental care? a duck laying 10 eggs with 100 units of energy each or a salmon that lays 1000 eggs each with 1 unit of energy
neither because the energy they used to produce these offsprings are the same
differentiate passive and active parental care
passive parental care is the energy put into offspring while active parental care is energy put into offspring after birth
what reproductive pattern describes organisms that devote all their energy into a single reproductive event
semelparity
what reproductive pattern describes organisms that reproduce more than once?
iteroparity
what is the relationship between the age of maturity and the lifespan of organisms?
the lower the age of maturity the shorter the lifespan
what happens to indeterminate growers when they reach the age of maturity in terms of growth rate?
their growth rate starts to dramatically decline with reproduction
what are the 3 main functions that use energy?
growth, maintenance, and reproduction
what are the r-selected traits?
short parental/offspring lifespan, early sexual maturity, semelparous, high fecundity, low parental investment, low juvenile survivorship, short lifespan, evolved to produce quickly
what are the k-selected traits
long parental/offspring lifestyles, low fecundity, iteroparous, high parental investment, late sexual maturity, high juvenile survivorship, long lifespan, evolved to compete
what is the formula of lx and what does it tell us
nx/no it tells us the fraction of the cohor still alive
what is the formula for sx and what does it represent.
nx-1/nx it shows us the number of survivors every period
what does a type 1 survivorship curve tell us
that the mortality rate of organisms in juvenile years is very low but drastically decreases at a certain age (after maturity)
what does a type 2 survivorship curve tell u
that the organism has a steady mortality rate throughout their lives
