Topic 8: The Prime Minister and the Cabinet

Question 1

1. Explain and analyse 3 features of a Prime Ministerial government:

Answer 1

1.Use of Party Leadership to Strengthen Power - Tony Blair’s control solidified his authority and push throughthe Good Friday Agreement (1998). - end conflict in NI
2. Control over the Cabinet - Thatcher’s control over her Cabinet in the 1980s, where she made decisions with little opposition. Poll tax 1990 + privatisation of state owned industries- British airways

3. Influence over National Policy - Boris Johnson‘s influence during the COVID-19 (2020), where his government implemented national lockdowns and vaccination campaigns

Question 2

2. Explain and analyse three ways in which the cabinet can limit the power of the Prime Minister:

Answer 2

1. Cabinet’s Role in Shaping Policy- During Brexit, Theresa May worked with Cabinet members like David Davis, who pushed for a hardline approach
   2.Cabinet Meetings as a Forum for Discussion - During COVID-19, Rishi Sunak raised concerns about the economic impact of lockdowns, which delayed decisions on restrictions.
2. Power to Resign - Example: In 2022, Lord Frost resigned over Boris Johnson’s handling of Brexit, weakening Johnson’s position.

Question 3

3. Explain and analyse 3 arguments in favour of collective ministerial responsibility:

Answer 3

1. Government unity – Ensures a unified front on policy (e.g., Budget announcements).
2. Accountability – Entire government is accountable for decisions (e.g., resignation after policy failures).
3. Trust in decision-making – Citizens see government as cohesive and competent.

Question 4

4. Explain and analyse 3 reasons why accusations of presidentialism have increased:

Answer 4

1. Increased media focus on the PM – Boris Johnson’s “personalised” campaigns in 2019.
2. Dominance over cabinet – Tony Blair’s reliance on close advisers over formal cabinet structures.
3. International statesmanship – PMs take a prominent role on the global stage, e.g., Rishi Sunak at COP27.

Question 5

5. Explain and analyse 3 reasons for ministerial resignations:

Answer 5

1. Scandals – Matt Hancock resigning over breach of COVID rules.
2. Policy disagreements – Iain Duncan Smith resigning over welfare cuts in 2016.
3. Failure to perform – Gavin Williamson removed as Education Secretary due to exam mishandling.