Topic 4: Pressure Groups

Question 1

1. Explain and analyse three methods used by pressure groups to advance their policy objectives:

Answer 1

1. Lobbying – E.g., British Medical Association lobbying against Minimum Service Levels Bill (some nurses, doctors would still have to work during strikes - 2023)
2. Direct action – CodePink’s ‘Free Palestine’ rallies weekly
3. Legal challenges – Global Witness filed legal claim because the London Metal Exchange was allowing the trade of metals sourced unsustainably in Indonesia (2024)

Question 2

2. Explain and analyse three reasons why pressure groups promote elitism:

Answer 2

1. money – Confederation of British Industry back BP - they can fund campaigns - unfair as it benefits the rich
2. Unequal resources – Larger groups like Greenpeace have access to pros/ expert testimony - smaller groups don’t
3. insider status - National Farmers Union can influence agricultural policy - exclusive access.

Question 3

3. Explain and analyse three factors that can lead to some UK pressure groups being more successful than others:

Answer 3

1. money – Confederation of British Industry back BP - they can fund campaigns - unfair as it benefits the rich
2. Unequal resources – Larger groups like Greenpeace have access to pros/ expert testimony - smaller groups don’t
3. insider status - National Farmers Union can influence agricultural policy - exclusive access.

Question 4

4. Explain and analyse three influences on Parliament aside from pressure groups:

Answer 4

1. Think tanks – Centre for Policy Studies influencing Conservative economic policies.
2. Media – Daily Mail campaigns influencing Brexit discourse.
3. Corporations – Influence on taxation policies, e.g., banks lobbying for changes to banking regulations.

Question 5

5. Explain and analyse three advantages possessed by insider groups:

Answer 5

1. Regular consultation – British Medical Association consulted during public health crises.
2. Policy influence – CBI contributing to economic recovery plans.
3. Access to funding – Insider status often secures financial grants or support (e.g., charities working with government).