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Module 2: Anatomy And Physiology > Topic 8 : The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Topic 8 : The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system composed of

A

Glands which secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

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2
Q

What are hormones

A

Organic compounds which have specific effects on the body

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3
Q

The endocrine system helps to regulate what in the body

A

Mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, as well as sexual function and reproductive processes

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4
Q

The endocrine system is composed of what glands

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

What do endocrine glands do

A

Secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

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6
Q

What is the endocrine system composed of

A

It’s composed of glands, which secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

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7
Q

What are hormones

A

They are organic compounds which have specific effects on the body

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8
Q

What is the endocrine system instrumental in

A

Regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism, as well as sexual function and reproductive processes

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9
Q

The endocrine system is in charge of what

A

Body processes that happen slowly, such as cell growth

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10
Q

What does the nervous system monitor

A

Faster processes like breathing and body movement

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11
Q

Even though the nervous system and endocrine system are separate systems they still what

A

Often work together to hep the body function work properly

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12
Q

What are the foundations of the endocrine system

A

Hormones and glands

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13
Q

What are the body’s chemical messengers that transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another

A

Hormones

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14
Q

Although many different hormones circulate throughout the bloodstream what cells are programmed to receive and respond to their messages

A

Only the cells that are genetically programmed to

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15
Q

What factors can influence hormone levels

A

Stress, infection, and changes in the balance of fluid and minerals in blood

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16
Q

A gland is a group of cells that do what

A

Produce and secrete, or gives off, chemicals

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17
Q

A gland selects and removes materials from the blood and does what to them

A

Processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body

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18
Q

Glands release their secretions in specific areas ie sweat and salivary glands, which release secretions in the skin or inside of the mouth. These are part of what type of glands

A

Exocrine glands

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19
Q

Endocrine glands release more than 20 what

A

hormones directly into the bloodstream where they can be transported to cells in other parts of the body

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20
Q

What are the major glands that make up the human endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Adrenal
Pineal body
Reproductive glands (ovaries and testes

21
Q

The pancreas is part of the endocrine system but is also associated with what other system

A

The digestive system because it also produces and secretes digestive enzymes

22
Q

What are some non-endocrine organs that also produce and secrete hormones

A

Brain
Heart
Lungs
Kidneys
Liver
Thymus
Skin
Placenta

23
Q

There is a collection of specialised cells that is located in the lower central part of the brain which is the primary link between the endocrine and nervous system, what is this called

A

Hypothalamus

24
Q

Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing what

A

Chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary

25
Q

What gland lies at the base of the brain just beneath the hypothalmus

A

Pituitary

26
Q

What is the pituitary gland also concerned with

A

Body metabolic rate, growth, fertility and blood pressure

27
Q

What gland is no bigger than a pea, but considered the most important part of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary

28
Q

What gland is often called the “master gland” because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary

29
Q

What factors can influence the production and secretion of pituitary hormones

A

Emotions and seasonal changes

30
Q

When the pituitary hormones are influenced by factors such as emotions and seasonal changes, what needs to be accomplished

A

The hypothalamus relays information sensed by the brain (such as environmental temperature, light exposure patterns, and feelings) to the pituitary

31
Q

What two parts are the pituitary glands divided into

A

Anterior lobe and posterior lobe

32
Q

The anterior lobe regulates the activity of what glands

A

Thyroid, adrenals, and reproductive glands

33
Q

What are some of the hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin and corticotropin

34
Q

What hormone stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues and plays a role in the body’s handling of nutrients and minerals

A

Growth hormone

35
Q

What hormone activates milk production in women who are breastfeeding

A

Prolactin

36
Q

What stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

A

Thyrotropin

37
Q

What hormone stimulates the adrenal gland to produce certain hormones

A

Corticotropin

38
Q

The pituitary gland also secretes what chemicals that act on the nervous system to reduce sensitivity to pain

A

Endorphins

39
Q

Hormones are also secreted to signal the ovaries and testes to make sex hormones from what gland

A

The pituitary

40
Q

What gland controls ovulation and the menstrual cycle in women

A

Pituitary gland

41
Q

What part of the pituitary gland releases a hormone which helps control body water balance through its effect on the kidneys and urine output

A

Posterior lobe

42
Q

In the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland what hormone triggers the contractions of the uterus that occur during labour

A

Oxytocin

43
Q

What gland is situated at the front and sides of the neck that concerns growth

A

Thyroid gland

44
Q

What glands lie between the posterior borders of the lobes of the thyroid gland that are concerned with the distribution and metabolism of calcium and phosporous

A

Parathyoid glands

45
Q

What glands lie anterior and superior to each kidney, and help regulate mineral concentrations in the body fluids, help deal with stress, produce sex hormones, which affect the development of male and female reproductive organs, and stimulate the “flight or fight” mechanism

A

Adrenal glands

46
Q

What glands are responsible for the production of ova in the female and sperm in the male

A

Gonads

47
Q

What gland lies behind the stomach, and influences glucose metabolism

A

Pancreas

48
Q

What gland lies between the lungs over the heart whose functions are not clear

A

Thymus gland

49
Q

Which gland lies behind the third ventricle of the brain but whose functions are not clear

A

The pineal body

Module 2: Anatomy And Physiology (8 decks)

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