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ESS > topic 8 - population > Flashcards

topic 8 - population Flashcards

1
Q

why was there a decrease in BR in japan

A

push for education and career focus for women
expensive to have kids, tax is high

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2
Q

why has there been changes in the worlds population

A

industrial revolution
growth after WW2
better living standards and healthcare

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3
Q

why are cities expanding

A

development, rural to urban migration and mechanisation

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4
Q

what is happening to large cities population

A

decline as they have alr hit their peak

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5
Q

what leads to rapid population growth

A

improved healthcare
increased food production

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6
Q

what are the stages of population growth (epidemiologic transition)

A

stage 1 - zero growth
stage 2 - natural increase
stage 3 - population declines
stage 4 - zero growth
stage 5 - natural decrease

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7
Q

what is stage 1

A
  • Stage 1 - zero growth, High BR and DR
    ○ Infectious and parasitic diseases
    ○ Accidents
    ○ Natural checks, like flu
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8
Q

what is stage 3

A
  • Stage 3 - DR going such lower, BR starting to go lower
    ○ Degenerative diseases
    ○ Heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity
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9
Q

what is stage 2

A
  • Stage 2 - BR still high, DR is lower
    ○ Receding epidemics
    ○ Sanitation, nutrition, medicine lead to lower DR
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10
Q

what is stage 4

A
  • Stage 4 - BR and DR reached similar level, zero growth
    ○ Delayed degenerative diseases
    ○ Extended life expectancy due to medical advances
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11
Q

what is stage 5

A
  • Stage 5 DR increasing past BR
    ○ Potential resurgence of infectious diseases due to globalisation
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12
Q

what is natural capital

A

tangible items you get from a place
- Resources a place has, soil, forests, fisheres etc
natural income
- The annual yield of goods and services
- Goods are the products we cant take from the area
- Services are things like recreation, the forest for example provides this for us

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13
Q

what are factors effecting status of natural capital

A

○ Cultural - higher cultural value, ivory is sought after
○ Social - changing status of an area
○ Economic - in demand product, increase the price
○ Environmental - soil erosion
○ Technological - mining for things like cobalt
○ Political - conflict

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14
Q

what is natural income

A

the amount you can take form the place before it becomes unsustainable

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15
Q

what is renewable natural capital

A
  • Natural capital that can be replaced or regenerate itself, for example aquifers, forest
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16
Q

what is non renewable natural capital

A
  • Either irreplaceable or can only be replaced over geological timescales
17
Q

what is ecological footprint

A

the area of the land in the same vicinity as the population, that would be required to provide all the populations resources and assimilate all its wastes.

18
Q

what is carrying capacity

A

the amount of people that can sustainably live in an area

19
Q

what effects the status of natural capital

A

culture
social
economic
environmental
technological
politics

20
Q

what is unmanaged dumping of waste?

A

dumping of waste anywhere, usually in suburbs like lebanon

21
Q

what are advanatges of unmanaged dumping of waste

A

Easy, cheap, quick
Can have regulations put onto landfills to try and stop leeching into ground water

22
Q

what are disadvantages of unmanaged dumping of waste

A

Wasteful, spread diseases, attract insects and rats, bad for the environment, polluting etc
As they decompose they release chemicals and rain then encourages leeching into the soil and ground water – creates leachate

23
Q

what is landfill

A

mass dumping into one area

24
Q

what is the advantages of landfill

A

cheap and accessible

25
Q

disadvantages of landfill

A

Methane lights up, contaminates soil and water, affect human health, climate change, takes up space, smell

26
Q

what is incineration

A

The burning of waste in a facility at very high temps, heat is then captured and used for heating of local housing.

27
Q

what are advantages of incineration?

A

Efficient, cheap and quick, can be used to heat local households
Strict monitoring and regs

28
Q

what are disadvantages of incineration?

A

High cost to maintain
High Levels of pollution
Harm local air quality
Toxic chemicals escaping into environ

29
Q

what is recycling

A

colleting, processing materials

30
Q

recycling advantages

A

sustainable, not much waste

31
Q

recycling disadvantages

A

process requires use of chemicals and large amounts of water and energy

32
Q

composting?

A

using a natural method like worms to decompse substances

33
Q

composting disadvantages

A

slow
hard to do at large scale

34
Q

advantages composting

A

all natural
sustainable
good for plants

35
Q

reduce or eliminate waste disadvantages

A

can be hard due to industry

36
Q

what are pollution management strategy

A

altering human activity
controlling released of pollutant
clean up and restoration

ESS (10 decks)

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