topic 8 - population Flashcards
why was there a decrease in BR in japan
push for education and career focus for women
expensive to have kids, tax is high
why has there been changes in the worlds population
industrial revolution
growth after WW2
better living standards and healthcare
why are cities expanding
development, rural to urban migration and mechanisation
what is happening to large cities population
decline as they have alr hit their peak
what leads to rapid population growth
improved healthcare
increased food production
what are the stages of population growth (epidemiologic transition)
stage 1 - zero growth
stage 2 - natural increase
stage 3 - population declines
stage 4 - zero growth
stage 5 - natural decrease
what is stage 1
- Stage 1 - zero growth, High BR and DR
○ Infectious and parasitic diseases
○ Accidents
○ Natural checks, like flu
what is stage 3
- Stage 3 - DR going such lower, BR starting to go lower
○ Degenerative diseases
○ Heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity
what is stage 2
- Stage 2 - BR still high, DR is lower
○ Receding epidemics
○ Sanitation, nutrition, medicine lead to lower DR
what is stage 4
- Stage 4 - BR and DR reached similar level, zero growth
○ Delayed degenerative diseases
○ Extended life expectancy due to medical advances
what is stage 5
- Stage 5 DR increasing past BR
○ Potential resurgence of infectious diseases due to globalisation
what is natural capital
tangible items you get from a place
- Resources a place has, soil, forests, fisheres etc
natural income
- The annual yield of goods and services
- Goods are the products we cant take from the area
- Services are things like recreation, the forest for example provides this for us
what are factors effecting status of natural capital
○ Cultural - higher cultural value, ivory is sought after
○ Social - changing status of an area
○ Economic - in demand product, increase the price
○ Environmental - soil erosion
○ Technological - mining for things like cobalt
○ Political - conflict
what is natural income
the amount you can take form the place before it becomes unsustainable
what is renewable natural capital
- Natural capital that can be replaced or regenerate itself, for example aquifers, forest
what is non renewable natural capital
- Either irreplaceable or can only be replaced over geological timescales
what is ecological footprint
the area of the land in the same vicinity as the population, that would be required to provide all the populations resources and assimilate all its wastes.
what is carrying capacity
the amount of people that can sustainably live in an area
what effects the status of natural capital
culture
social
economic
environmental
technological
politics
what is unmanaged dumping of waste?
dumping of waste anywhere, usually in suburbs like lebanon
what are advanatges of unmanaged dumping of waste
Easy, cheap, quick
Can have regulations put onto landfills to try and stop leeching into ground water
what are disadvantages of unmanaged dumping of waste
Wasteful, spread diseases, attract insects and rats, bad for the environment, polluting etc
As they decompose they release chemicals and rain then encourages leeching into the soil and ground water – creates leachate
what is landfill
mass dumping into one area
what is the advantages of landfill
cheap and accessible
