topic 3 - biodiversity

Question 1

what happens after mass extinctions

Answer 1

number of different species increase, propels new ones to evolve and encourages biodiversity

Question 2

what is speciation

Answer 2

formation of new speices from an exisiting one

Question 3

how does speciation happen

Answer 3

• ancestor species brake into new branches
• 2 things need to happen
• reproductive isolation
• different selection pressures

Question 4

what is reproductive isolation in speciation

Answer 4

when a one group of a species gets isolated and then cant reproduce with another group

Question 5

why does speciation need different selection pressures

Answer 5

a selection pressue is something that cuases an organism to adpat, so in order for speciation to occur groups will need different pressures so they adapt to their respective environments. later they will not be able to reproduce again

Question 6

what is allopatric speciation

Answer 6

when reproductive isolation is caused by geographical separation

Question 7

what is sympatric speciation

Answer 7

when reproductive isolation happens even though they live in the same area, so if birds have a genetic mutation and their dance that attracts females changes, so the other group of birds wont like that characteristic so they become genetically isolated.

Question 8

what are ecological reasons for biodiversity

Answer 8

rely on it to live
important to nitrogen and carbon systems

Question 9

what are economic reasons for biodiversity

Answer 9

plant and animal resources provide basis for human life
genetic variation provides and sustains farming, fishing and forestry

Question 10

what are aesthetic reasons for biodiversity

Answer 10

should preserve it because its pretty

Question 11

what are ethic, social and cultural reasons for biodiversity

Answer 11

• In terms of ethics, its right to not destroy the things we need and rely on.
  
  • Cultural reasons, animals are protected and they will do that, they hold somethings to high importance, like Hindu’s and cows

Question 12

what are international conventions on society

Answer 12

• International legally binding treaty with three main goals, conservation on biodiversity, sustainable use of biodiversity and fair equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources

Question 13

what are protected areas

Answer 13

• different habitats and ecosystems, bring more species
• Mix of special protected sites, things that are unique, endangered, and a mix of ordinary sites, this allows the endangered species to be in a stable environment, because of the normal not endangered animals

Question 14

where are some protected areas?

Answer 14

• Networks of protected areas are small islands of conservation, and protected areas, this is usually in a smaller country like the UK
  ○ Still have people living there
  ○ Species can migrate because of the network
  ○ This also allows animals to move away from a disaster
  
  • Conservation corridors
    ○ Allow migration and movement of species between isolated islands of protection, this decreases risk of extinction and increase genetic biodiversity
  • Best protected areas
    ○ Circular, big, spread out