Topic 8 Intelligence Flashcards
Mental potential to learn from
experience, solve problems, and
use knowledge to adapt to new
situations. Ability to derive information,
learn from experience, adapt to
the environment, understand,
and correctly utilize thought and
reason.
Intelligence
Believed we have one general
intelligence (often shortened to g)
Charles Spearman
factor that underlies
specific mental abilities and is therefore
measured by every task on an intelligence
test
General Intelligence (g)
Explains the differences in performance on
different tasks. Specific to a certain aspect of
intelligence
Specific ability (s)
A statistical procedure that
identifies clusters of related items
Factor Analysis
Hierarchal models of intelligence
Raymond Cattell
the power of reasoning and using
information. It encompasses the ability to
see complex relationships and solve
problems.
Fluid Intelligence
is characterized as acquired knowledge
and the ability to retrieve it
Crystallized Intelligence
Identified eight
relatively independent
intelligence
Howard Gardner:
Naturalist
Bodily kinesthetic
Musical
Logical-mathematical
Interpersonal
Intra-personal
Linguistic
Spatial
The know-how involved
in social situations and
managing yourself
successfully
social Intelligence
The ability “to ponder
large questions about
life, death, existence.
Existential Intelligence
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Robert Sternberg:
Analytical Intelligence - School grades
Creative Intelligence - Generate novel ideas
Practical Intelligence - possible solutions for practical tasks
The ability to perceive,
understand, manage,
and use emotions.
Emotional Intelligence
A test designed to predict a person’s
future performance
Aptitude Test
A test designed to assess what a
person has learned
Achievement Tests
Predict someone’s performance in
school and similar strengths.
Intelligence quotient (IQ) Tests
To identify French school children needing
special attention
Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon
Test’s items are designated by age.
Stanford-Binet IQ Test
the range of items used is
adapted to the performance
of the individual
Adaptive Testing
Established new age norms to intelligence tests, extending the upper end of the test’s range from teenagers to “superior adults.” Defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to
chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100.
Lewis Terman
IQ=mental age/chronological age x 100. Derived the famous intelligence quotient, or IQ. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average
performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
William Stern
Created what is now the most widely used
individual intelligence test
David Weschler
TYpes of David Weschler test
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
Wechsler Preschool
and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WIPPSI).
The latest (2008) edition of the WAIS consists of
15 subtests, including these:
§ Similarities
§ Vocabulary
§ Block Design
§ Letter-Number Sequencing
Assessed more than 10, 000
individuals of their “intellectual
strengths” based on reaction
time, sensory acuity muscular
power, and body proportions. Measures did not correlate with
one another
Francis Galton
Tests minimizing items that
clearly favor one culture over
another but keeps some
degree of cultural specificity.
Culture-Reduced Testing
Principle of test construction: Defining uniform testing procedures and
meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
Standardization
Most widely used devised by
John C. Raven. Attempts to
measure abstract reasoning
without any use of language or
reference to factual
information.
Progressive Matrices test
Principle of test construction: The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of
scores on two halves of the test, on
alternative forms of the test, or on
retesting
Reliability
Principle of test construction: Indicates how well the test measures what it claims to measure. evaluated by examining its content, the response process, internal structure, and the scores’ relationship
to other variables, and the consequences of using the test
Validity
