Topic 10 Personality Flashcards
Latin for personality
Persona - mask
Consists of all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of another, especially in social situations. It is the totality of his/her being. It includes the physical, mental, emotional and temperamental makeup and how it shows itself in behavior.
Personality
Feelings, the physiological systems, glands, and inherently determined physical features
Internal Aspects
Includes the influence of the family and other groups to which one belongs, the influence of customs, traditions and culture.
Social Situation
Results from the interaction of the individual and the stimuli from the environment.
Reactions or behavior
View personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences.
Psychodynamic approach by Sigmund Freud
A Viennese physician who thought his patients’ problems were more emotional than physical
Sigmund Freud
Pleasure, Reality, Moral
ID, Ego, Superego
Caused by id impulses that the ego can barely control
Neurotic anxiety
A process used by the ego to distort reality and protect a person from anxiety
Defense Mechanism
Comes from threats of punishment from the superego
Moral Anxiety
The individual directs aggressive or sexual feelings away from the primary object to someone or something safe
Displacement - angry at colleague - throw papers
A form of displacement which is a socially desirable goal is substituted for a socially harmful goal.
Sublimation - brokenhearted - keeps self busy playing tennis or organize tournaments
Placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else.
Projection - A man campaigning against corruption was questioned for a number of corruption cases
Supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason.
Rationalization - its not good to always study, we need a break.
Taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety
Reaction formation - receptionist welcomed a guest he/she hates
Returning to a previous stage of development
Regression - when scolded, a 30 yo lady burst into a loud cry and sat on the floor.
Pulling into the unconscious
Repression - Sexually abused child but can’t remember the abuse happened
Emphasizes erogenous zones or center of pleasure and the focus of the libido
Psychosexual Stages
Stages of Development
Oral stage - birth to 1 yo
Anal stage -1 to 3
Phallic stage - 3 to 6
Latency - 6 to puberty (same-sex friendship and play)
Genital Stage - Puberty onwards (sexual and romantic relationship)
Theories derived from FReud’s Psychoanalysis
Analytical Psychology - Carl Jung
Individual Psychology - Alfred Adler
Theory on Neurosis - Karen Horney
Questioned Freud’s emphasis on sexual motivation. Extraversion and Introversion. We possess both personal and collective unconscious by
Carl Jung
He first proposed feelings of inferiority resulting from children being less powerful than adults. Later argued that social interest establish helpful relationship and that our lives are governed by goals by
Alfred Adler
Conflict is developed as a result of inadequate child-rearing experiences by.
Karen Horney
It is a perspective in which personality is seen as a combination of characteristics that people display over time and across situations. It describes the consistencies of personality.
Trait/Dispositional Approach
Defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psycho-physical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment. with 3 types.
Gordon Allport:
1. Cardinal - dominant traits an individual is known for
2. Central - traits often observed in a person
3. Secondary - situational traits or traits that are relatively less consistent or relevant
Big five model/personality traits by
Costa and McCrae:
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
The third force in psychology. Believes that humans possess an inner directedness that pushes them to grow. Reality is subjective. Self-concept is our subjective perception of who we are and who we are like and by
Humanistic Approach. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Distinguishes between the self and the ideal self
Carl Rogers
Believes that self-actualization is the result of the inner-directed drive of humans to grow, improve, and use their potential to the fullest.
Abraham Maslow
A theory that grew out of the behaviorism of Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner whose studies emphasized that learning occurs thru association and consequences of our behavior. by
Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandar
The individual’s behavior and the social learning environment continually influence one another. Behavior is learned from our social environment.
Reciprocal Determinism
Personality Assessment
Interview - asking questions
Observation - watching a person
Projective Tests - Uses ambiguous stimuli to reveal the items in the unconscious mind
Objective Tests - Written questions
