Topic 10 Personality

Question 1

Latin for personality

Answer 1

Persona - mask

Question 2

Consists of all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of another, especially in social situations. It is the totality of his/her being. It includes the physical, mental, emotional and temperamental makeup and how it shows itself in behavior.

Answer 2

Personality

Question 3

Feelings, the physiological systems, glands, and inherently determined physical features

Answer 3

Internal Aspects

Question 4

Includes the influence of the family and other groups to which one belongs, the influence of customs, traditions and culture.

Answer 4

Social Situation

Question 5

Results from the interaction of the individual and the stimuli from the environment.

Answer 5

Reactions or behavior

Question 6

View personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences.

Answer 6

Psychodynamic approach by Sigmund Freud

Question 7

A Viennese physician who thought his patients’ problems were more emotional than physical

Answer 7

Sigmund Freud

Question 8

Pleasure, Reality, Moral

Answer 8

ID, Ego, Superego

Question 9

Caused by id impulses that the ego can barely control

Answer 9

Neurotic anxiety

Question 10

A process used by the ego to distort reality and protect a person from anxiety

Answer 10

Defense Mechanism

Question 11

Comes from threats of punishment from the superego

Answer 11

Moral Anxiety

Question 12

The individual directs aggressive or sexual feelings away from the primary object to someone or something safe

Answer 12

Displacement - angry at colleague - throw papers

Question 13

A form of displacement which is a socially desirable goal is substituted for a socially harmful goal.

Answer 13

Sublimation - brokenhearted - keeps self busy playing tennis or organize tournaments

Question 14

Placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else.

Answer 14

Projection - A man campaigning against corruption was questioned for a number of corruption cases

Question 15

Supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason.

Answer 15

Rationalization - its not good to always study, we need a break.

Question 16

Taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety

Answer 16

Reaction formation - receptionist welcomed a guest he/she hates

Question 17

Returning to a previous stage of development

Answer 17

Regression - when scolded, a 30 yo lady burst into a loud cry and sat on the floor.

Question 18

Pulling into the unconscious

Answer 18

Repression - Sexually abused child but can’t remember the abuse happened

Question 19

Emphasizes erogenous zones or center of pleasure and the focus of the libido

Answer 19

Psychosexual Stages

Question 20

Stages of Development

Answer 20

Oral stage - birth to 1 yo
Anal stage -1 to 3
Phallic stage - 3 to 6
Latency - 6 to puberty (same-sex friendship and play)
Genital Stage - Puberty onwards (sexual and romantic relationship)

Question 21

Theories derived from FReud’s Psychoanalysis

Answer 21

Analytical Psychology - Carl Jung
Individual Psychology - Alfred Adler
Theory on Neurosis - Karen Horney

Question 22

Questioned Freud’s emphasis on sexual motivation. Extraversion and Introversion. We possess both personal and collective unconscious by

Answer 22

Carl Jung

Question 23

He first proposed feelings of inferiority resulting from children being less powerful than adults. Later argued that social interest establish helpful relationship and that our lives are governed by goals by

Answer 23

Alfred Adler

Question 24

Conflict is developed as a result of inadequate child-rearing experiences by.

Answer 24

Karen Horney

Question 25

It is a perspective in which personality is seen as a combination of characteristics that people display over time and across situations. It describes the consistencies of personality.

Answer 25

Trait/Dispositional Approach

Question 26

Defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psycho-physical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment. with 3 types.

Answer 26

Gordon Allport:
1. Cardinal - dominant traits an individual is known for
2. Central - traits often observed in a person
3. Secondary - situational traits or traits that are relatively less consistent or relevant

Question 27

Big five model/personality traits by

Answer 27

Costa and McCrae:
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 28

The third force in psychology. Believes that humans possess an inner directedness that pushes them to grow. Reality is subjective. Self-concept is our subjective perception of who we are and who we are like and by

Answer 28

Humanistic Approach. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 29

Distinguishes between the self and the ideal self

Answer 29

Carl Rogers

Question 30

Believes that self-actualization is the result of the inner-directed drive of humans to grow, improve, and use their potential to the fullest.

Answer 30

Abraham Maslow

Question 31

A theory that grew out of the behaviorism of Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner whose studies emphasized that learning occurs thru association and consequences of our behavior. by

Answer 31

Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandar

Question 32

The individual’s behavior and the social learning environment continually influence one another. Behavior is learned from our social environment.

Answer 32

Reciprocal Determinism

Question 33

Personality Assessment

Answer 33

Interview - asking questions
Observation - watching a person
Projective Tests - Uses ambiguous stimuli to reveal the items in the unconscious mind
Objective Tests - Written questions